MUSTARD FAMILY. 185 



Petals long-clawed. Pod thick, beaked by the stout style, 1-celled, filled with 

 spongy or corky tissue, lightly constructed between the seeds or even monili- 

 form, indehiscent or eventually breaking transversely into 1-seeded joints. 

 Seeds subglobose, cotyledons conduplicate. (Greek raphanos, quick-appear- 

 ing, on account of the prompt germination of the seeds.) 



Flowers purple, pink or white; pod with shallow constrictions, 2 to 3-seeded 



1. R. sativus. 

 Flowers yellow or white; pod moniliform, 4 to 10-seeded 2. R. raphanistrum. 



1. R. sativus L. Wild Eadish. Branching widely, 2 to 5 ft. high; herb- 

 age nearly glabrous or hispid with scattered hairs; lower leaves pinnately 

 parted, crenate, the terminal segment large and round, the lateral smaller, 

 ovate or oblong, sessile with the upper side adherent to the midrib, the lower 

 lobe free; upper leaves mostly toothed, or with a few small lateral segments; 

 flowers 8 or 9 lines broad, purple or white; pods 3 to 4 lines broad, 1 to 3 in. 

 long, with one to several constrictions, or the body of the pod globose and 

 1-seeded. 



Common weed of waste places in towns and villages about San Francisco 

 Bay; less frequent in the interior. Naturalized from Europe. 



2. R. raphanistrum L. Jointed Charlock. Plants \y 2 to 2 ft. high, al- 

 most glabrous throughout; lower leaves deeply lyrate-pinnatifid, 4 to 7 in. 

 long, the upper less lobed; flowers 6 to 9 lines broad, yellow or white; pods 

 1 to iy 2 in - long, 6 to 10-seeded, strongly constricted between the seeds, longi- 

 tudinally grooved. 



European weed. Eeported at San Francisco seventeen years ago but still 

 rare. Appeared at Berkeley in 1899 and in Sacramento Co. (Elk Grove) in 

 1883. 



7. ERYSIMUM L. Wall Flower. 



Erect stoutish biennials or perennials, simple or with few branches. Leaves 

 narrow, entire, dentate or lobed. Flowers large, orange to light yellow. Sepals 

 narrow, equal at base or the lateral saccate. Petals with slender claws and 

 ubovate blades. Pod linear, flattened, with 1-nerved valves, or quadrangular. 

 Seeds in 1 row, numerous, not margined. (Greek name of a garden plant.) 



Flowers orange; pod 4-sided; montane species 1. E. asperum. 



Flowers cream-color or yellowish; pod flattened parallel to the partition; littoral species.. 



2. E. capitatiiDi. 



1. E. asperum DC. Western Wall-flower. Herbage scabrous-pubes- 

 cent, hairs stellately 3-parted; stems erect, simple or branching above, iy± to 

 2y 2 ft. high, rather densely clothed with leaves below; leaves narrow (2 to 6 

 lines wide and 3 to 6 in. long, or the uppermost shorter), entire or sharply 

 dentate, the lower slender-petioled; flowers orange, 10 lines in diameter; blade 

 of petal broadly elliptic; sepals narrow, with a longitudinal dorsal ridge; 

 pods 4-sided, ascending or widely spreading, commonly 3 to 4 in. long, 1 line 

 wide, beaked with a stout style; seeds oblong, often slightly winged at one end. 

 — (E. calif ornicum Greene.) 



Common on rocky hills: Coast Eanges, Sierra Nevada. Mar.- Apr. 



2. E. capitatum (Dougl.) Greene. Stout and low, erect, % to 1% ft. 

 high, leafy, finely pubescent ; leaves narrow, entire or repand-dentate ; flowers 

 cream-color to yellowish, rarely white, at first sub-capitate, the axis elongating 

 in fruit and becoming a short raceme; pods iy 2 to 2% in. long, 1V> lines wide, 

 abruptly short-pointed; valves flattish, 1-nerved; seeds brown, sometimes mar- 

 gined but not winged. — (E. grandiflorum Xutt.) 



