SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 201 



Philadelphia lewisii Pursh var. californicus Gray. Deciduous loosely 

 branching shrub 4 to 6 ft. high ; leaves opposite ; petals 4 or 5, large, white ; 

 stamens 20 to 40; styles 3 to 5, distinct at apex; ovary wholly inferior, 3 to 

 5-celled, loculicidally 3 to 5-valved. — Sierra Nevada foothills and up to 4000 

 ft., along streams; showy when in flower. 



Mitella breweri Gray. Small, with round-cordate radical leaves; calyx 

 saucer-shaped ; petals greenish, pinnately cleft into capillary divisions; sta- 

 mens 5, indexed. — High Sierra Nevada. 



7. WHIPPLEA Torr. 



Small low under-shrub with opposite leaves and clusters of small white 

 flowers on a terminal naked peduncle. Calyx-tube wholly adnate to the lower 

 portion of the ovary which is about % free. Stamens 10, rarely 8, 9, 11 or 12, 

 those opposite the petals somewhat shorter, all dilated at the base or below 

 the middle. Ovary 3 to 5-celled, with a single suspended ovule in each cell; 

 styles distinct, subulate; stigmas introrse. Capsule septicidally dehiscent into 

 3 to 5 cartilaginous 1-seeded portions which open down the ventral suture. 

 (Lieutenant A. W. Whipple, commander of the Pacific Eailroad Expedition 

 from the Mississippi Eiver to Los Angeles in 1853 and 1854.) 



1. W. modesta Torr. Stems slender, diffuse or trailing; branchlets, 

 peduncles and calyx-tube pubescent; calyx-lobes glabrous; foliage with scat- 

 tered hairs, on the older leaves often pustulate-dilated at base; leaves % to 

 1V± or rarely 1% in. long, ovate or oval-ovate, 3-nerved from the base, crenate 

 above the middle, short-petioled; clusters mostly 4 to 9-flowered, the flowers 

 soon becoming somewhat greenish; petals oblong or ovate, contracted at base, 

 exceeding 1 line, larger than the linear calyx-lobes; capsule globular; styles 

 deciduous. 



Woods and thickets of the Coast Eanges from Monterey northward to Hum- 

 boldt Co. and east to Mt. St. Helena and the Vaca Mts. Mar.-Apr. 



8. RIBES L. Gooseberry. Currant. 

 Shrubs, either unarmed or prickly. Leaves alternate, palmately lobed, the 

 stipules adnate or none. Flowers in racemes or solitary, the pedicels bracteo- 

 late. Calyx-lobes, petals and stamens 5 in all ours except R. speciosum. 

 < "alyx-tube adnate to the 1-celled ovary and more or less produced beyond it. 

 Petals inserted on the throat of the calyx, the stamens alternating with them. 

 Placentae 2, parietal. Styles 2, distinct or more or less united; stigma term- 

 inal. Fruit a berry. (Ancient Arabic name.) 



Thornless and without prickles; raceme many-flowered (except no. 1); berry unarmed, 

 rarely glandular-bristly. — Currants. 



Leaves convolute in the bud; flowers bright yellow; calyx-tube salverform 



1. R. aureutn. 

 Leaves plaited in the bud; flowers rose-red varying to white. 



Leaves thin, glabrous or nearly so 2. R. sangnincum. 



Leaves thick, very rugulose, more or less white-tomentose beneath.. 3. R. malvaccum. 

 Thorny and often prickly; leaves plaited in the bud; raceme 1 to 4-flowered. — Goose- 

 berries. 



Petals plane, fan-shaped; anthers obtuse and pointless; styles long-villous; berry glabrous 



4. R. divaricatum. 

 Petals involute; anthers sagittate, mucronate-tipped; styles glabrous; berry prickly. 



Calyx greenish white 5. R. victoris. 



Calyx greenish, glabrous exteriorly; soft bristles of the ovary non-glandular 



6. R. calif or nicum. 

 Calyx purplish, glandular-pubescent exteriorly; hairs of the ovary capitate-glandular.. 



7. R. menziesii, 



1. R. aureum Pursh var. tenuiflorum Torr. Shrub 4 to 8 ft. high, nearly 



glabrous, not glandular; leaves 3 to 5-lobed, obtuse or truncate at base, the 



