252 BHAMNACEAE. 



him Bpecies. K. ealifornica in that region is tall, up to 14 ft. high, and has 

 large broad Leaves which simulate closely the foliage of certain shrubs which 

 though evergreen arc considered to be forms of E. purshiana. True R. 

 pnrshiana in the North Coast Ranges flowers early and its berries are half 

 grown in June at the time typical R. ealifornica is in flower. Cascara Sagrada 

 hark is extensively collected in Oregon and Washington for use in drug 

 manufacture. 



2. R. ealifornica Esch. Coffee Berry. Evergreen shrub commonly 4 to 

 6 ft. high; leaves scattered along the branchlets, narrowly or broadly oblong, 

 usually acute, glabrous or slightly puberulent, \y 2 to 2 l / 2 in. long; flowers 

 mostly perfect, on short pedicels ' in an umbellate peduncled cluster, the 

 peduncles short (y 2 in. long) to none; calyx iy> to 2y> lines broad, its lobes 

 triangular-lanceolate; petals minute, hooded, deeply emarginate; berry black, 

 globose or oval, 3 to 4 lines in diameter, containing 2 (rarely 3) nutlets. 



Common everywhere in the Coast Ranges and at low altitudes in the Sierra 

 Nevada, June-July. Fr. Sept. -Oct. Also called Pigeon Berry and Yerba del Oso. 

 Var. tomentella Brew. & Wats. Leaves varying to elliptic, usually conspicuously 

 feather-veined, finely tomentose on the under side or even silvery. — Santa Cruz 

 Mts.; Mt. Hamilton Range; Sierra Nevada foothills. Leaves very olive-like. 



3. R. crocea Nutt. Red-berry. Low densely branched glabrous shrub y 2 

 to 2 or 3 ft. high, the branchlets rigid or even spinescent; leaves often fascicled, 

 elliptic, firm coriaceous, 1 to 5 lines long, serrulate, green above, yellowish 

 beneath, very shortly petioled; flowers mostly polygamous, 4-merous; petals 

 none or minute; berry 2 or 3 lines long, red, containing 2 (rarely 3) nutlets. 



Napa Range and southward near the coast to Southern California, etc. 

 Feb. -May. Var. ilicifolia Greene. Tree-like with a distinct trunk, or the 

 steins several and clustered, 5 to 12 ft. high; branchlets rather stout; leaves 

 oval to orbicular, often golden beneath, spinulose-dentate, 7 to 12 lines long; 

 sepals and stamens frequently 5; berry bright red, ovoid, 2]/ 2 lines long. — 

 Inner Coast Range (Vaca Mts., Mt. Diablo) and southward to Southern Califor- 

 nia. Fr. Sept. 



2. CEANOTHUS L. Mountain Lilac. 



Shrubs or small trees with petioled leaves, the branchlets often divaricate 

 and rigid, sometimes spinescent. Flowers small but showy, borne in panicles 

 or umbels. Calyx 5-lobed, the lower part adnate with the thick disk to the 

 Lower part of the 3-celled ovary. Petals 5, hooded by the inflexion of the 

 acuminate apex, and with long claws. Stamens 5, filaments filiform, long- 

 ezserted. Style 3-cleft. Capsule subglobose, 3-celled, 3-lobed, becoming dry and 

 separating into its 3 carpels, these elastically dehiscent along the inner edge 

 and dispersing the seeds. Seeds obovate, convex on the back. (Greek 

 Ken not lius, name used by Dioscorides to designate some spiny plant. All of 

 our Bpecies are evergreen except C. integerrimus and possibly C. parry i.) 



A. Leaves alternate. 

 Fruit smooth or at most crested, never with horns; stipules thin or membranous, fugacious 

 or deciduous; flowers in umbellate fascicles, the fascicles collected in simple or com- 

 pound racemes or panicles. 

 Branches flexible, nol Bpinescent 

 Flowers white; leaves plane. 



Inflorescence compound: leaves very strongly 3-nerved beneath, 1 y 2 to 3 in. long; 



fruit slightly crested 1. C. velutiuus. 



Inflorescence simple or compound; leaves entire. J4 to 1 in. long; fruit crestless.. 



2. C. integerrimus. 

 Flowers blue (rarely varying to white); inflorescence compound. 



I.(.i\ | plane, mostly 1 to 2*/ 2 in. long, strongly 3-nerved, serrulate 



3. C. thyrsitlorus. 



