266 VIOLACEAE. 



Redwood belt 5. V . s'armentosa. 



Stems erect, long; leaves reniform-cordate, very broad and long-petioled; wet woods.... 



6. V. glabella. 

 B. Leaves divided; flowers yellow. 



Acauleseent ; leaves bipinnatifid into narrow segments 7. V. douglasii. 



Caulescent; leaves cleft or divided into few to several lobes 8. V. lobata. 



1. V. canina L. var. adunca Gray. Dog Violet. Stems leafy, 2 to 4 in. 

 high, Leaves round-ovate to elliptic-ovate, the lower inclining to be subcordate, 

 obscurely erenate, % to 1% in. long; stipules more or less herbaceous and 

 Lacerate; petals violet, turning to red-purple, 6 lines long or less, the lateral 

 strongly bearded inside at base, the upper pair with a slight tuft in the middle 

 at base; spur much shorter or quite as long as the petals. 



Hilltops in the vicinity of the coast: San Francisco; Pt. Eeyes Peninsula. 

 Feb.-Apr. 



2. V. ocellata T. & G. Western Heartsease. Stems erect, 5 to 12 in. 

 high, from creeping rootstocks; leaves cordate- to triangular-ovate, erenate, 

 acute or abruptly acuminate or somewhat pointed at apex, 1 to 2 1 /> in- long, 

 the radical long-, the cauline short-petioled; stipules small and scarious; ped- 

 uncles mostly shorter than the leaves; petals 5 to 7 lines long; two upper 

 petals white, violet-purple on the outside; the other petals white or yellow, 

 the lateral with a deep purple spot at base, the lower one purple-veined at 

 base. 



Shady woods, Monterey and the Santa Cruz Mts. to Mendocino Co.; not in 

 the inner Coast Eanges. Mar.- June. 



3. V. purpurea Kell. Mountain Violet. Plants 3 to 6 in. high; stems 

 very short and densely tufted, from a stout vertical root; young herbage 

 hirsutulous-canescent; leaves rhombic-ovate or oblong (1 or 2 frequently nearly 

 round), dentate or erenate or sometimes nearly entire, % to 1*4 in. long, on 

 petioles 1 to 3 in. long; peduncles surpassing the leaves, 2 to 4 in. long; petals 

 yellow, brownish on the outside. 



Coast Eange peaks and high mountain ridges: Loma Prieta; Mt. Diablo; 

 Napa and Mt. Hood ranges and northward. Also Sierra Nevada. Mar.-Apr. 



4. V. pedunculata T. & G. Yellow Pansy. Short-caulescent, the stem 

 2 to 6 in. high and ascending, from a thick deep-seated rootstock; leaves round- 

 ovate, usually with truncate base, coarsely erenate, y 2 to 1^ in. long; petioles 

 1 to 2 in. long; stipules foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, uppermost often 

 sparingly incised; flowers large, 1 in. broad, on erect peduncles (4 to 5 in. 

 Long) much surpassing the leaves; petals golden yellow, the upper dark brown 

 on the outside, the others purple-veined within; lateral petals bearded; stigma 

 bearded; capsule broadly oblong, 5 lines long. 



Open hills: Vacaville to Berkeley; Lake Merced; and southward in the Coast 

 Ranges to Southern California. Mar.-Apr. 



5. V. sarmentosa DougL Wood Violet. Stems prostrate, stolon-like, 

 Bparsely leafy; peduncles commonly longer than the Leaves, at first scape-like 

 and arising from the cluster crowning the stipular-scaly rootstock; stipules 

 brown-scarious, ovate-subulate; leaves round-cordate, % to l 1 /^ in. broad, 

 rather shorter than the peduncles, deep green above, often rusty beneath, finely 

 erenate, in age brown-punctate; petioles of the cauline Leaves '•_, to 2 in. long 

 or less, of the radical 1 to 7 in. long; petals uniform light yellow, the lower 

 a little purple-vei I, 1 lines long; spur wrv short and broad. 



Woods of the ('oast Ranges, especially in the Redwood belt; multiplying 

 vegetatively by filiform rootstocks. 



