PARSLEY FAMILY. 301 



26. PEUCEDANUM L. 

 Low perennials, mostly of dry ground, with thick roots. Stems usually 

 several from the rout crown, naked or few-leaved. Leaves decompound, often 

 dissected, mostly wholly radical. Flowers white or yellow, rarely purple, in 

 compound umbels. Involucre none (a few species sometimes with 1 to 3 bracts). 

 Involucels usually present. Fruit roundish to broadly or narrowly oblong, much 

 compressed. Lateral ribs winged, the wings of the companion carpels coherent 

 until maturity. Stylopodium wanting. Oil-tubes 1 to 4 in the intervals, 2 to 

 6 on the face. (The ancient Greek name.) — The American representatives 

 of the genus are considered by some authors as generically distinct from the 

 typical European Peucedanums and have been referred to Lomatium Eaf . and 

 more recently renamed under the name Cogswellia Spreng. 



A. Peduncles and pedicels conspicuously swollen at summit. 



Flowers yellow; bractlets none; fruit glabrous 1. P. nudicaulc. 



B. Peduncles and pedicels not swollen at summit. 

 Leaves ternate and pinnate, with broad leaflets. 



Leaflets ovate in outline, serrate and more or less incised; fruit 3 to 3 l / 2 lines long.... 



2. P. parx'ifolium. 

 Leaflets roundish, serrate, often 3-lobed but the lobes broad; fruit 6 to 8 lines long, 



nearly or quite as broad 3. P. hassci. 



Leaves decompound and much dissected into small linear or filiform segments. 

 Flowers white; bractlets more or less united into a 1 -sided involucel. 



Fruit glabrous; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals 4. P. tnacrocarpum. 



Fruit tomentose or pubescent; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, rarely solitary 



5. P. dasycarpum. 

 Flowers yellow; bractlets distinct. 

 Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 



Bract 1 or none; body of fruit on a distinct stipe, the stipe and body with a 



wing twice as broad as body 6. P. rascyi. 



Bracts 1 to 3; bractlets scarious-margined; wing of fruit scarcely as wide as body.. 



7. P. utriculatum. 



Oil-tubes none in the intervals or indistinct; wing ^ to almost as wide as body; 



bracts none 8. P. caruifolium. 



1. P. nudicaule (Pursh ) Nutt. Pestle Parsnip. Acaulescent, 6 to 16 

 in. high, glabrous, with thick taproot; leaves 3 to 6 in. long, simply ternate 

 or mostly once or twice ternate and then pinnate with 5 to 21 leaflets; leaflets 

 broadly lanceolate to ovate, entire or few- toothed at apex, % to 2 in. long, 

 petiolulate or the lateral leaflets in decompound leaves mostly sessile; peduncles 

 stoutish, conspicuously enlarged at the summit and bearing 6 to 18 very unequal 

 rays, the outer sometimes 2 to 3 times the length of the inner; rays in fruit 

 dilated at apex, 2 to 10 in. long; fruiting pedicels 1 to 3 lines long; bracts 

 ami bractlets none; flowers yellow, in capitate umbellets; fruit elliptic-oblong, 

 1 to 5 lines long, 2% to 3 lines wide, the wings one-half the breadth of the 

 body; oil-tubes broad, solitary in the dorsal intervals, 1 or 2 in the laterals, 

 4 or 6 on the face. — (P. leiocarpum Nutt.) 



Low open foothills, North Coast Ranges (Sonoma, Napa and Solano cos.) 

 and Sierra Nevada (Irishtown, Amador Co.) northward to the Columbia River. 

 Also Alt. Hamilton, ace. Coulter and Rose. The northern plants have narrower 

 leaves and more slender peduncles. 



2. P. parvifolium T. & G. Acaulescent or very short-caulescent, 6 to 10 

 in. high, glabrous; leaves 3 or 4 in. long, ternate, then pinnately divided into 

 3 or 5 leaflets, or the upper leaflets confluent ; leaflets ovate, mostly cuneate at 

 base, 2 or 3-cleft, incised or serrate, the teeth strongly cuspidate, y 2 to 1% in. 

 long; peduncles 1 to 3 ; rays about 10, unequal, y 2 to 2 in. long; pedicels 3 to 

 4% lines long; bractlets subulate; flowers deep yellow; fruit broadly elliptical 



