PARSLEY FAMILY. 303 



iy 2 lines long and at apex into a beak-like process 1 line long, the whole with 

 broad wings, broader than body; dorsal and intermediate ribs obvious, with 

 broad solitary oil-tubes in the intervals, 4 on the face. 



San Bernardino Mrs., Vasey t northward to the Mt. St. Helena Range and 

 eastward to Inyo Co. 



7. P. utriculatum Nutt. Bladder Parsnip. Caulescent, or even some- 

 times acaulescent, with many stems and leaves from a thick taproot, forming 

 a bushy tuft 4 to 12 in. high; leaves 2 to 8 in. long, ternate-pinnately decom- 

 pound and dissected into linear segments y± to % line broad and 1 to 3 lines 

 long; petioles conspicuously inflated, membranous, 2y 2 to 7 lines broad; rays 

 3 to 15, very unequal, the fruiting ones y 2 to 3 in. long; pedicels 2 to 4 lines 

 long ; involucre none or occasionally with 1 often f oliaceous bract ; bractlets 

 few, round-obovate to oblong, 1 to 2 lines broad, shortly petiolate, equaling 

 the yellow flowers; fruit narrowly elliptic, 1% to 3% lines broad, 2y 2 to 4% 

 lines long; wings as broad as or narrower than body; oil-tubes 4 to 6 on the 

 face, 1 in each interval or with short accessory ones in the dorsal intervals. 



Open grassy hills or plains, the most common species, frequent from 

 Southern California northward through the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada 

 foothills to Oregon and British Columbia. Bractlets variable in shape, entire, 

 toothed or laciniate, usually acuminate, often longer than flowers. 



8. P. caruifolium T. & G. Alkali Parsnip. Nearly or quite acaules- 

 cent ; peduncles 3 or 4 from a common stout taproot, 8 to 14 in. high ; herbage 

 nearly or quite glabrous; leaves ternately decompound, dissected into linear 

 segments ^ to 1 line wide and 1 to 5 lines long; fertile rays 6 to 11, 1 to 

 1% in. long; pedicels in fruit iy 2 to 3% lines long; involucre none; bractlets 

 distinct or nearly distinct, round-ovate or oblong, scarious-margined, entire, 

 ciliate, or toothed at apex, often shortly petiolate; fruit glabrous, suborbicular 

 or elliptic, 3 to 5 lines long, the wings y 2 to almost as wide as body; oil-tubes 

 none on the face, none in the intervals or indistinct. 



Low wet ground, frequent: Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys and South 

 Coast Ranges. 



27. PASTINACA L. 



Tall branching biennial with angular or fluted leafy stems from thick roots. 

 Leaves large, pinnate. Flowers yellow, in compound umbels. Involucre and 

 involucels small or commonly none. Fruit oval, glabrous, strongly compressed. 

 Lateral ribs winged; dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform. Oil-tubes solitary 

 in the intervals, 2 to 4 on the face. (Latin name of the Parsnip.) 



1. P. sativa L. Common Parsnip. Erect, 3 or 4 ft. high; leaflets ovate, 

 serrate, somewhat incised or even widely 3-lobed, 3 or 4 in. long; rays 15 to 

 20, 1 to 2% in. long; fruit nearly orbicular, 2y 2 to 3 lines long; oil-tubes 

 conspicuous. 



Escaped from gardens : Lake Co. ; Sacramento. 



28. HERACLEUM L. 



Tall stout perennials with very large ternately compound leaves and broad 

 sheathing petioles. Flowers white, in a large many-rayed umbel. Involucre 

 deciduous. Involucels of numerous bractlets. Petals obcordate, the marginal 

 ones of the umbel much larger. Fruit almost round, strongly compressed. 

 Lateral ribs with a thin wing; dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform. Oil-tubes 

 2 on the face, 1 in each interval, visible from the outside and reaching from 



