HEATH FAMILY. 309 



them; anthers 2-cellecl, opening by a terminal pore or sometimes longitudinally, 

 frequently bearing two awn-like appendages. Ovary superior or inferior, 4 to 

 10 (rareiy 1, 2 or 3) -celled, with usually axile placentae bearing numerous 

 ovules. — Corolla in most cases sympetalous but sometimes choripetalous. 

 Rhododendron has a slightly irregular corolla. The red or white flowers are 

 pendulous as a rule and the pollen-grains are often united in 4s (tetrads). 



.1. Corolla choripetalous; fruit a capsule. 

 Herbs or herb-like. 



Anthers opening by 2 terminal pores. 



Stem leafy; flowers corymbose or umbellate 1. Chimaphila. 



Acaulescent ; flowers racemose 2. Pyrola. 



Anthers opening by a longitudinal slit; saprophyte 3. Pleuricospora. 



Shrubs; anthers opening by 2 terminal pores 4. Ledum. 



B. Corolla sympetalous ; anthers opening by terminal pores or chinks; trees or shrubs. 

 Calyx-tube free from the ovary. 



Corolla funnelform to campanulate; fruit a capsule 5. Rhododendron. 



Corolla urn-shaped. 



Flowers in a panicle; calyx chorisepalous, dry, persistent in fruit but insignificant; 

 anthers with 2 awns. 



Fruit a berry with granular surface; trees 6. Arbutus. 



Fruit berry-like but really drupaceous with stony nutlets, and smooth or resinous 



surface ; shrubs 7. Arctostaphylos. 



Flowers in a raceme; calyx synsepalous, becoming fleshy in fruit and enclosing the 



capsule 8. Gaultheria. 



Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary; fruit a berry 9. Yaccinium. 



1. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Pipsissewa. 



Low perennial evergreen suffrutescent plants. Leaves alternate or in irreg- 

 ular whorls, serrulate. Flowers white, waxy, in a terminal naked corymb. 

 Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, choripetalous; petals 5, orbicular, concave. 

 Stamens 10; filaments dilated and hairy in the middle. Stigma orbicular-pel- 

 tate, crowning the very short style which is concealed in the umbilicate summit 

 of the ovary. Capsule 5-celled, dehiscent from above downwards. (Greek 

 cheima, winter, and phileo, to love, the plants evergreen.) 



1. C. menziesii Spreng. Mexzies Pipsissewa. More or less branched from 

 the base, 3 or 4 in. high ; leaves ovate, obtuse or acute, 1 in. or less long ; 

 peduncles 1 to 3-flowered; flowers 3 lines in diameter; filaments with a roundish 

 dilation at the middle which is covered with short hairs. 



Pine woods: Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, alt. 3,500 to 6,000 ft., rare. 



C. L'mbellata Nutt. Prince 's Pine. Stem often simple, 6 to 10 in. high, 

 bearing several clusters or whorls of leaves and 3 to 6-flowered peduncles; leaves 

 oblanceolate, varying to oblong, sharply serrate from near the base, 1% to 

 2 1 /o in. long; filaments with a roundish dilation at base which is hairy on the 

 margin only. — Pine woods: "Parker's Station, Eureka Trail," Bolander ; 

 Hupa Valley, Chandler ; Mt. Shasta; Big Oak Flat Road; Placer Co., Carpenter. 



2. PYROLA L. Wixtergreex. 

 Acaulescent herbs with slender rootstocks, leafless or with radical evergreen 

 leaves. Flowers 5-merous, in a raceme on a naked or sparingly scaly-bracted 

 scape. Petals distinct, concave or incurved, more or less converging. Sta- 

 mens 10; filaments subulate, naked. Stigma 5-lobed or -toothed, on an elon- 

 gated style. Capsule 5-celled, depressed-globose and 5-lobed, umbilicate at 

 apex and base, dehiscent from the base upward; edges of the valves cobwebby 

 when opening, persistent on the axis. Embryo minute. (Diminutive of Pirus, 

 classical name of the Pear Tree, on account of resemblance in the leaves of 

 one species.) 



