PRIMULACEAE. 315 



seeded. Fruit a berry, crowned with the vestiges of the calyx-teeth. (Classical 

 Latin name of the Bilberry.) 



Evergreen; flowers in clusters; filaments hairy; anthers awnless V. ovatum. 



Deciduous; flowers solitary; filaments glabrous; anthers awned V. parvifolium. 



1. V. ovatum Pursh. California Huckleberry. Erect evergreen shrub, 

 4 to 8 ft high; leaves coriaceous, shining above, oblong-ovate, serrate, short- 

 petioled, persisting 4 or 5 years, % to l 1 /^ in. long; corolla oblong-campanulate, 

 pink ; berry dark purple, without bloom. 



North slopes of hills near the coast, especially in the Eedwood region: Mon- 

 terey Co.; Oakland Hills; Marin Co. and northward. 



2. V. parvifolium Smith. Bed Bilberry. Deciduous shrub, 5 to 8 ft. 

 high ; branches and branchlets slender, very sharply angled, green, articulated ; 

 leaves scattered, mostly oval, pale beneath, entire, 5 to 10 lines long; pedicels 

 2% to 4 lines long, deflexed in fruit but not usually curved; calyx slightly 5- 

 lobed; corolla globular, greenish; berries red. 



Eedwood region* from the Santa Cruz Mts. to Cazadero, Mendocino and Hum- 

 boldt cos. and northward. The following species are all deciduous with 1 or 

 rarely 2 flowers in a place, glabrous filaments, awned anthers, and berry blue 

 with a bloom: 



V. ovalifolium Smith. Tall Bilberry. Straggling, 4 to 8 ft. high, the 

 branchlets angular; leaves 1 to 1% in. long; corolla ovoid; calyx 5-lobed. — 

 Northern Sierra Nevada, 4,500 ft. and northward. V. occidentals Gray. 

 Sierra Bilberry. Shrub 1% to 2 ft. high; branchlets not angular; leaves en- 

 tire, only slightly veiny, 6 to 9 lines long; calyx 5-parted; corolla oblong-cylin- 

 dric. — Sierra Nevada, 5,000 to 7,000 ft. V. caespitosum Michx. Dwarf 

 Bilberry. Dwarfish, caespitose, 3 to 5 in. high; branchlets not angled; calyx 

 entire or obscurely lobed; corolla ovoid. — High Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe and 

 northward. 



PRIMULACEAE. Primrose Family. 



Herbs with simple undivided leaves. Flowers perfect, regular and sym- 

 metrical, 4 to 8-merous, commonly 5-merous, axillary and solitary, or in ter- 

 minal racemes or umbels. Stamens opposite the lobes of the corolla and in- 

 serted on its tube or base. Ovary 1-celled, with a single style and stigma, 

 superior, except in Samolus, where it is attached to the base of the calyx; 

 ovules on a free central placenta. Fruit a capsule. 



Corolla-lobes erect or spreading, not reflexed. 



Stemless; leaves all in a radical cluster; flowers in umbels 1. Androsace. 



Stems leafy. 



Ovary adnate to base of calyx; flowers in racemes 2. Samolus. 



Ovary free from calyx. 



Capsule longitudinally dehiscent. 



Corolla present; leaves in a single whorl at summit of stem 3. Trientalis. 



Corolla none; leaves opposite, in many pairs 4. Glaux. 



Capsule circumscissile; flowers axillary and solitary. 



Corolla longer than calyx, red; leaves opposite or ternate 5. Anagallis. 



Corolla shorter than calyx; leaves alternate 6. Centunculus. 



Corolla-lobes reflexed; flowers in umbels borne on naked scapes 7. Dodecatheon. 



1. ANDROSACE L. 



Small montane or alpine herbs, with rosulate radical leaves and few to 

 several scapes bearing an involucrate umbel of small white or pink-tinted flow- 

 ers. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla somewhat salverform, its lobes 5 (or 4), its tube 

 shorter than the calyx, its throat constricted ; stamens short and inserted low 

 down upon the tube. Style mostly short. Capsule subglobose, dehiscent by 



