VERBEXACEAE. 351 



with a row of bristles hooked at tip. (Greek pectos, combed, and karua, nut, 

 on account of the row of bristles on the nutlet.) 



Nutlets not winged, the acute margin bordered all around by bristles 1. P. pusilla. 



Nutlets bordered by a wing which bears hooked bristles only at the apex.. 2. P. penicillata. 



1. P. pusilla Gray. Erect, somewhat flexuous, simple or sparingly branched, 

 3 to 5 in. high, strigulose-canescent ; nutlets 4 and equably divergent (or some- 

 times but 2), 1 line long, cuneate-obovate or somewhat rhomboidal, carinately 

 nerved on the upper face, not winged, the margin bearing a row of slender 

 bristles hooked at the tip. 



Shady north slopes in the hills near St. Helena ; Yreka. Mar. -Apr. 



2. P. penicillata (H. & A.) A. DC. Branching at the base, the branches 

 diffuse, 1 to 4 in. long; nutlets divergent in pairs, oblong, 1 line long, sur- 

 rounded by a wing which is incurved along the middle in age and bears at the 

 rounded apex a series of slender bristles hooked at the tip. 



Napa Valley; and north to British Columbia. 



7. CYNOGLOSSUM L. 



Ours a coarse perennial herb with broad petioled leaves. Flowers blue, in 

 a panicled bractless raceme raised on a naked terminal peduncle. Corolla 

 with a ring of conspicuous appendages or crests at the throat. Nutlets large, 

 depressed, covered all over with short barbed prickles and thus bur-like. 

 (Greek kuno, dog, and glossa, tongue, on account of the shape and texture of 

 the leaves in some species.) 



1. C. grande Dougl. Western Hound's Tongue. Erect, 1 to 3 ft. high; 

 leaves mostly radical or subradical, hoary-pubescent beneath, ovate, varying to 

 ovate-oblong or elliptic, rounded at base or truncate, acute or acuminate, 3 to 

 7 in. long, on petioles often as long; sepals narrowly oblong, obtuse, 2 to 4 

 lines long; corolla 6 to 7 lines long, the tube often purple, the lobes elliptic; 

 stamens inserted at the throat, on very short filaments. 



Coast Eange woods : Monterey ; Oakland Hills ; Marin Co. ; Yaca Mts. and 

 northward. Feb. -Mar. Called "Cow Poison" at Smith Eiver in Del Xorte Co. 



VERBENACEAE. Verbena Family. 



Ours herbs with opposite or whorled leaves. Flowers completo. Corolla 

 bilabiate or almost regular. Calyx persistent. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs. Ovary 

 superior, undivided, 2 to 4-celled, separating at maturity into as many 1-seeded 

 nutlets; style single, entire; stigmas 2 or 1. Endosperm in our genera scanty 

 or none. 



Calyx 5-toothed; nutlets 4; diffuse or erect herbs 1. Verbena. 



Calyx 2-cleft; nutlets 2; creeping herbs 2. Lippia. 



1. VERBENA L. Vervain. 

 Perennial herbs with simple leaves. Flowers in terminal dense bractless 

 spikes. Calyx narrow, tubular, plicately 5-angled, 5-toothed, mostly enclosing 

 the dry fruit. Corolla salverform with unequally 5-lobed limb. Anthers ovate. 

 Stigmas mostly 2-lobed, the anterior lobe larger, the posterior smooth and 

 sterile. Fruit separating into 4 one-celled one-seeded achene-like nutlets. 

 (Latin name of a certain sacred plant.) 

 Eracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the flowers. 



Stem erect, strict and tall; spikes dense, more or less peduncled; petioles naked 



. 1. V. hastata. 



Diffusely branching; spikes not dense below, --essile or leafy bracted at base; petioles 



cuneately margined " 2. V. prustrata. 



Bracts conspicuous, exceeding the flowers; spikes dense, sessile 5. V. bructcosa. 



