368 SCBOPHULABIACEAE. 



Annual; peduncles longer than the pedicels; corolla small, 5-cleft 1. ^. nigrum. 



Perennial: peduncles much shorter than the pedicels or almost none; corolla larger, 

 5-anglea <>r -lobed, with greenish glands at base. 

 More or less Buffrutescent; pubescence tomentose, of branched hairs.. 2. S. wnbelliferum. 

 Herbaceous or marly so; pubescence viscid, of simple hairs 3. S. xantii. 



1. S. nigrum L. var. douglasii Gray. Black Nightshade. Low spread- 

 ing annual often several ft. across, dark green and glabrous, more or less 

 conspicuously scabrous on the angles of the stem; leaves elliptic-ovate, acute, 

 narrowed to :i petiole; entire, toothed or angulate-sinuate, 1 to 3 in. long or 

 the very lowest 5 in. long; corolla small, whitish, aging to purplish, 2 to 3 

 lines broad, its segments oblong-lanceolate and ciliolate toward the apex; 

 filaments and style pubescent; fruiting peduncles % in. long or more, bearing 

 3 to 5 berries on more or less recurved pedicels; berries blue-black, nearly as 

 large as peas, poisonous. 



Waste ground, commonly in shade or in moist places, flowering through the 

 summer into early winter. One or 2 flowers of a cluster sometimes have 

 only 4 stamens. Plants from the south (Monterey to Southern California) 

 have corollas •"> lines wide 



S. tuberosum L., the Common Potato, with leaves pinnate and large and 

 minute leaflets Intermixed, is occasionally found beyond the boundaries of 

 cultivated fields. 



2. S. umbelliferum Esch. Blue Witch. More or less suffrutescent, 2 to 

 3 ft. high, the stems deep green, mostly 5-angled or -ridged; herbage finely 

 I'lilioscent-tomentose, the hairs branched; leaves elliptic-ovate, rarely pinnatifid 

 at base, 1 to 2 in. long or less, thickish, on petioles 2 to 3 lines long; peduncles 

 short or almost none; pedicels 4 to 8 lines long; calyx 5-lobed; corolla blue, 

 sometimes white, 10 lines broad, shallowly 5-lobed with ."> pairs of greenish 

 glands near the base ; anthers 2 lines long, the filaments merely evident ; 

 berry when fully ripe, dull white with a greenish zone toward the base, 4 to 

 8 lines in diameter. 



Hill country of the Coast Ranges, especially along gulches or in canons 

 toward the coast (apparently not in inner Coast Ranges) ; Sierra Nevada foot- 

 hills. May-June, but often flowering all the year. 



3. S. xantii Gray. Stems herbaceous, several to many from a perennial 

 base, erect or decumbent, mostly simple, slender and sparsely leaved, 1% to 

 - ft. long; pubescence somewhat viscid and of simple hairs; leaves thinnish, 

 elliptic-ovate, at base obtuse, truncate or subcordate, on petioles 5 lines Long 

 or less; flowers few in an umbel, Light azure or fading darker blue, 5 to 6 

 lines in diameter. 



Vaca Mts. to Southern California, where common, the flowers a full inch 

 in diameter; also in the Sierra Nevada at middle elevations. Mar.-May. 



SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort Family. 



Ours herbs excepting Diplacus and some species of Pentstemon and Cas- 



tilleia. Leaves simple, entire or toothed, rarely parted or pinnatifid. Flowers 



complete. Stamens I, in 2 pairs (one pair shorter than the other), or one 



pair Sterile, or stamens 2 only, always inserted on the corolla. Verbaseum has 



:. perfect stamens and in several genera the fifth stamen is present as a sterile 



filament or rudiment. Corolla Commonly bilabiate (sometimes nearly regular 



and I or 5-lobed); upper lip 2-lobed or with a snout like, hooded or hooked 

 prolongation (galea); lower lip 3-lobed, frequently ".saccate. Calyx syn- 

 sepalous or sometimes chorisepalous. Ovary superior, 2-celled; style L; stigma 

 2-lobed or entire. Fruil a 2-celled, 2-valved capsule, with septicida] or locu- 



