FIGWORT FAMILY. 369 



lici'lal dehiscence, or opening near the apex by pores; seeds numerous or often 

 few, with a minute mostly straight embryo in abundant endosperm. — An 

 important family biologically, the species in California numerous, and many 

 of them the showiest of West-American plants. All of the Californian genera 

 are represented in the region of San Francisco Bay save the monotypic annual 

 Mohavea, of the Mohave Desert ; this allied to Antirrhinum but fertile stamens 

 only 2. Few extra-limital species are here noted, since as a whole they are 

 to be recognized only by critical marks. 



A. Leaves alternate; anther-bearing stamens 5. 



Corolla nearly regular, rotate, with short tube; filaments (or some of them) very hairy.. 



1. Yerbascum. 



B. Leaves opposite, or the upper sometimes alternate; anther-bearing stamens less than 5. 

 Corolla with a spur or sac at base of tube on lower side, often with a prominent palate 

 nearly closing the throat; stamens 4, all with anthers; capsule opening by pores 

 or chinks near the apex. 



Corolla-tube with a sac at base; palate closing the throat 2. Antirrhinum. 



Corolla-tube with a spur at base; palate seldom closing the throat 3. Linaria. 



Corolla without spurs or sacs at base of tube, bilabiate to nearly regular; upper lip not 

 galeate; capsule valvate. 

 Stamens with anthers 4; fifth stamen present as a sterile filament, scale, or mere gland. 

 Annuals; fifth stamen present as a rudiment or gland. 



Corolla strongly declined, strongly bilabiate; middle lobe of lower lip folded 



lengthwise into a sac enclosing the stamens and style 4. Collinsia. 



Corolla minute, little declined, the lobes rotately spreading; some cauline leaves 



ternately divided or parted 5. Tonella. 



Perennials. 



Corolla short, inflated, with 4 lobes erect and 1 reflexed; sterile stamen adnate to 



upper lip .6. Scrophularia. 



Corolla tubular, from strongly to obscurely bilabiate; sterile filament conspicuous, 



about equaling the fertile ones 7. Pentstemon. 



Stamens 4, all with anthers (except no. 10) ; fifth stamen wholly absent. 

 Calyx 5-toothed. 



Corolla tubular or funnelform. often elongated. 

 Calyx 5-angled, plicate-carinate or prismatic. 



Shrubs 8. Diplacus. 



Herbs 9. Mimulus. 



Calyx not prismatic, slightly 5-sulcate; stamens 4, 2 fertile; annual 



10. Mimetanthe. 

 Corolla open-campanulate; stems creeping, bearing tufts of leaves and flower-scapes; 



diminutive annual 11. Limosella. 



Calyx of 5 almost distinct sepals; stems creeping; perennial 12. Monniera. 



Stamens with anthers 2; sterile pair present or none; corolla little or not at all 

 bilabiate. 

 Calyx of 5 almost distinct sepals; corolla tububir. 



Corolla-lips nearly equal; sterile filaments short or none 13. Gbatiola. 



Lower lip of corolla larger than upper; sterile filaments forked... 14. Ilysanthes. 

 Calyx 4-parted; corolla 4-lobed. 



Stamens 4, 2 sterile; corolla broadly campanulate; leaves in a radical tuft 



15. Synthyris. 



Stamens 2; corolla subrotate; leaves mainly cauline 16. Yeronica. 



C. Leaves alternate; stamens 4 (2 in some Cordylanthi) , all anther-bearing. 



Corolla tubular, strongly bilabiate, upper lip narrow, concave or galeaie and enclosing 



the stamens and style. 



Calyx tubular, laterally compressed, cleft before and behind, the lobes entire or 2-cleft; 



upper lip of corolla long and narrow, very much longer than the very small 



3-toothed lower lip; bracts mainly with colored tips; ours perennials except one.... 



17. Castilleia. 



Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-cleft; upper lip (galea) of corolla similar to no. 17, bur 



not so greatly or not at all exceeding the inflated 3-saccate lower one; bracts with 



or without colored tips; ours annuals 18. Orthocarpls. 



Calyx spathe-like, of 2 distinct leaf-like divisions (or the upper division wanting); 

 corolla-lips of nearly equal length; bracts never colored, annuals 



19. COKUYLANTHLS. 



