370 SCROPIIULARIACEAE. 



Calyx narrowly campanulate, 2 to 5-toothed, the orifice often oblique; corolla with 

 narrow tube, Btrongly bilabiate; upper lip (galea) long, arched; lower lip of 3 



small lobes; bracts purple or with foliaceous (green) tips; perennials 



20. Pedicularis. 



1. VERBASCUM L. Mullein. 



Usually biennial herbs with tall virgate stems and alternate leaves. Flowers 

 ephemeral, in spikes or racemes. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, with 5 nearly 

 equal segments, ours commonly yellow. Stamens 5, all with anthers; all of 

 the three posterior filaments woolly-bearded. Stigma undivided or bilamellate. 

 Capsule septicidally 2-valved, the valves cleft at apex and the septa parting 

 from the persistent axis, releasing many pitted or roughened seeds. (Cor- 

 rupted from Barbascum, the old Latin name.) 



Plants very woolly; flowers sessile 1. V. thapsus. 



Plants with green herbage; flowers pediceled 2. V. blattaria. 



1. V. thapsus L. Common Mullein. Stout, densely woolly, 3 to 6 ft. 

 high ; radical leaves 6 to 12 in. long, obovate-lanceolate or -oblong; cauline 

 Leaves oblong, entire or crenate, crowded, the stem winged by their very 

 decurrent bases; flowers in a very long dense simple spike; spike 1 ft. long 

 or more, and lA/i in. thick, sometimes with one to several short spikes at 

 base; lower filaments mostly naked. 



Stream beds of interior water courses, or waste places about old dwellings: 

 North Coast Kanges; very common in the Sierra Nevada. Naturalized from 

 Europe. June-Aug. 



2. V. blattaria L. Moth Mullein. Slender, 2 to 4 ft. high; herbage 

 green and glabrous, or the inflorescence glandular-pubescent; leaves not decur- 

 rent, 4 in. long or less; upper leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, dentate, cor- 

 date-clasping; lower leaves oblong, more coarsely toothed or pinnatifid, the 

 basal ones narrowed to a short winged petiole; flowers yellow or white, 1 in. 

 broad, in a long loose simple raceme; pedicels longer than the calyx; filaments 

 all bearded with violet woolly hairs. 



Introduced from the Old World: St. Helena; Eedwood Peak (Zoe, iv, 156); 

 lower San Joaquin; Lake Co.; and Sierra Nevada foothills. 



2. ANTIRRHINUM L. Snapdragon. 

 Annual or perennial herbs with the lower leaves opposite and the upper 

 leaves alternate. Corolla gibbous or saccate at base on lower side; palate 

 closing the throat. Capsule dehiscing by pores at the base of the style; style 

 (in our species) persistent and often deflexed. (Greek anti, like, and rhinon, 

 aose, because of the snout-like flowers.) 



Perennials; no tendril-like branches. 



Leaves linear; sepals ;/> the length of the corolla 1. A. virga. 



Leaves lanceolate ; sepals equaling or shorter than the corolla 2. A. glanduloswn. 



Annuals; branches or peduncles disposed to be prehensile. 



Peduncles about 1 line long; branchlets slender or filiform, at length twisting 



3. A. vagans. 



Peduncles 2 to 3 in. long, aliform, prehensile 4. A. strictum. 



1. A. virga Gray. Erecl with many virgate stems from a perennial base, 

 !•'._. to 5 ft. high, glabrous; leaves linear, 2 to 3% in. long, sessile; Mowers 



red purple in a mostly seeund raceme, with subulate bracts; sepals ovate, acute, 



moderately unequal, scarcely half the length of the corolla; corolla (i to 7 lines 

 long, the sac at base inaniinaet'orin ; lower pair of filaments dilated at apex. 



all geniculate at the very base and all hairy, especially at the geniculatiou 



