MADDER FAMILY. 393 



B rather narrow base. % to lVt or 2 in. long; flowers white or whitish; fruit 

 thickly beset with whitish hooked bristles. 



Common in half shaded or grassy places among the hills. Widely distrib- 

 uted. Apr. Fr. in May. 



4. G. triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. Decumbent or reclin- 

 ing, with numerous mostly simple stems from the base, 7 to 12 in. long. 

 retrorsely scabrous on the angles or smoothish; leaves mostly in (is, oblong- 

 oblanceolate, rather abruptly bristle-pointed, the midrib and the upper sur- 

 face near the margin somewhat scabrous, 3 to 6 lines long; axillary peduncles 

 once di- or tri-chotomous, 3 to 6 lines long; pedicels bractless, but the pedicels 

 of the terminal peduncles with mostly whorled bracts; corolla purplish or 

 greenish; fruit 1 line or less broad, beset with slender hooked bristles; 

 endosperm lunate in cross-section. 



Edges of woods: San Mateo and northward; Sierra Nevada. 



5. G. trifidum L. Stems slender and weak, ascending, 5 to 18 in. high, 

 the angles comparatively smooth; leaves in whorls of 4 or 5, thin, oblong, 

 obtuse, not bristle-pointed, obscurely scabrous on the margins, 1% to 6 lines 

 long; flowers minute; peduncles mostly scattered; fruit smooth; endosperm 

 annular in cross-section. 



Coast Ranges (but not common) ; Sierra Nevada. 



6. G. californicum H. & A. California Galium. Stems from slender 

 rootstocks, erect and numerous, forming a low tuft, 6 to 8 in. high, or diffuse 

 and 1 ft. long; herbage hispid with widely spreading stiff hairs; leaves thin- 

 nish. ovate or oval, apiculate-acuminate, y± to % in. long, the margins and 

 midrib hispid-ciliolate ; flowers dioeciously polygamous, the fertile solitary 

 on short peduncles at the branches or in the forks, the sterile ones terminal 

 in 3s; corolla yellowish with ovate-lanceolate lobes; fruit purple, glabrous or 

 nearly so. 



Common on open hills of the Coast Ranges: Humboldt Co. to Southern Cali- 

 fornia. 



7. G. nuttallii Gray. Suffrutescent, often climbing 2 to 5 ft. high on 

 bushes, glabrous and nearly smooth, the angles of the stem and margins of the 

 leaves roughened or hispidulous; leaves in whorls of 4, thickish, oval to 

 linear-oblong, mucronulate or obtuse, mostly 1% to 2 or sometimes 3 lines 

 long; fruit smooth and glabrous, purple, 2 lines broad. 



Common in Coast Range thickets: Cloverdale and Mt. Diablo to San Diego. 

 Mar. 



8. G. bolanderi Gray. Erect, stems 10 to 14 in. high, forming a thick 

 tuft; angles of the stems scabrous; leaves oblong, acute, usually narrowed at 

 base, hispid-ciliate, 2 to 3 (or the lower 4) lines long; cymes several-flowered, 

 paniculate; pedicels about the length of the flowers, in fruit recurved or 

 arcuate; corolla deep red-purple, with ovate acute lobes; ovary glabrous, 

 rugose. 



North Coast Ranges; Sierra Nevada. 



9. G. andrewsii Gray. Densely matted on the ground, the prostrate stems 

 rooting at the joints, 2 to 4 in. long; herbage grayish, sparsely scabrous or 

 smooth; leaves crowded and fascicled in the axils, in whorls of 4, subulate, 

 pungent, rigid, 2 to 4 lines long; flowers solitary or in 3s, terminating the 

 branchlets, very small, perfect; corolla white; fruit on short somewhat re- 

 curved pedicels, 1 to 1% lines wide, glabrous. 



High dry ridges of the inner Coast Ranges. 



