412 COMPOSITAE. 



reduced to herbaceous bracts; heads in fruit % in. high; main involucral 

 bracts 11 to 15, linear or lanceolate-acuminate, and with some loose subulate 

 ones at base; beak of achene as long as the body; pappus dull white. — 

 i Nemoseris californica Greene.) 



Shady or moist places in the hill country of the Coast Ranges: Pt. Arena; 

 Oakland Hills; Mt. Diablo; Santa Cruz Mts. ; Monterey Co. and southward to 

 Southern California. June. 



7. HYPOCHAERIS L. 



Il« rbs. Stems naked, bearing a solitary head or a somewhat corymbose clus- 

 ter of long-peduncled heads. Flowers yellow. Leaves in a radical cluster or 

 rosette, toothed or pinnatifid. Involucre campanulate or cylindrical, its bracts 

 rather few, lanceolate, imbricated, appressed, the outer ones successively shorter. 

 Receptacle flat, its scarious chaffy bracts thin and narrow. Achenes glabrous, 

 upwardly scabrous, the body 10-ribbed, narrowly oblong or fusiform, all taper- 

 ing upward into a slender beak, or the outermost truncate. Pappus of plumose 

 bristles, some of the outer often shorter and naked. (Greek name used by 

 Theophrastus for some cichoriaceous plant.) 



Annual; outermost achenes truncate at summit 1. H. glabra. 



Perennial ; achenes all beaked 2. H. radicata. 



1. H. glabra L. Smooth Cat's-ear. Glabrous annual; stems several, 

 erect, simple or mostly corymbosely branched, 9 to 18 in. high; leaves broadest 

 above, denticulate, broadly toothed with triangular sinuses, or saliently lobed; 

 heads campanulate; ligules scarcely longer than the involucre; outermost 

 achenes truncate at summit, the others beaked. 



Naturalized European weed, not uncommon in cultivated fields and. pasture 

 lands from Marin Co. to Sherwood Valley. May-June. 



2. H. radicata L. Hairy Cat's-ear. Stems several, thickening upward, 

 from a fleshy perennial root; leaves hispid with spreading hairs, pinnatifid 

 below the' large terminal lobe into oblong obtuse lobes; rays longer than the 

 involucre, which is disposed to twist slightly after anthesis. 



Naturalized European weed, abundant from Humboldt Co. south to Marin 

 Co., occasional at Berkeley. Leafy bulblets or rosettes often form in the axils 

 of the inflorescence, particularly late in the season. June-Aug. Also called 

 Gosmore. 



8. UROPAPPUS Nutt. 



Nearly acaulescent annuals. Leaves pinnatifid with mostly subulate or acu- 

 minate lobes or entire. Peduncles enlarged at summit, naked, each bearing a 

 single head. Heads oblong, erect; ligules short, the heads in anthesis small. 

 Main bracts of the involucre about equal, but with shorter ones at base, all 

 membranous. Achenes 10 to 12-ribbed. Pappus-paleae 5, elongated, tipped 

 with a very short awn or bristle which proceeds from the cleft summit. (Greek 

 oura, a tail, and pappos, pappus, on account of the bristle-like appendage to 

 the paleae.) 



Pappus clear white, soft, deciduous from the black achenes 1. U. linearifolius. 



Pappus dull brown or sordid, of firm texture, persistent on the light colored achenes. 



Palea longer than the awn of the pappus 2. U. lindlcyi. 



Palea much shorter than the awn of the pappus 3. U. macrochaetus. 



1. U. linearifolius (DC.) Nutt. Stems or peduncles often several from 

 the base, erect, 9 to 18 in. high, in robust plants thickened or fistulous under 

 the oblong head; leaves linear (3 to (> in. long and 1 to 2 lines wide) and 

 with 2 or •"> to several pairs of more or less remote salient lobes; heads at 



