SUNFLOWER FAMILY. 417 



Dry woods in the mountains: Coast Ranges; Sierra Nevada; Southern Cali- 

 fornia. June- Aug. 



13. CREPIS L. 



Annuals, biennials, or perennials, similar to Hieracium, but tomentulous or 

 glabrous, not pilose. Involucre of a single row of equal scales, or often with 

 smaller ones at base. Flowers yellow. Achenes columnar or fusiform, 10 to 

 20-ribbed. Pappus copious, white and soft. (Greek krepis, a sandal, the 

 ancient name of some plant.) 



Plants glabrous; heads J A in- high 1- C. virens. 



Plants tomentose; heads l /, in. high 2. C. occidentalis. 



1. C. virens L. Smooth Hawksbeard. Annual or biennial; stem one, 

 slender, simple below, paniculate above, 1 to 2 1 /> ft. high; herbage green 

 and glabrous; leaves thinnish, mostly radical, broadly oblanceolate, toothed 

 (the teeth inclined to be salient) or shallowly pinnatifid, narrowed at base 

 into a petiole; upper cauline lanceolate, with sessile subsagittate base; heads 

 many, small (V± in. high) ; involucre somewhat calyculate, its bracts linear, 

 acuminate; achenes linear-oblong, narrowed equally to each end, 10-costate, 1 

 line long. 



Introduced European weed: spontaneous at Berkeley. 



2. C. occidentalis Nutt. Gray Hawksbeard. Perennial ; stems stout, one 

 or several, branching above, 4 to 10 in. high; herbage thinly tomentose and 

 often glandular-hirsute above, especially on the peduncles; leaves thickish, 

 runcinately toothed, or deeply pinnatifid into linear or lanceolate lobes, the 

 uppermost portion entire, acuminate; involucre 6 to 8 lines high, calyculate, its 

 bracts oblong-lanceolate; achenes brown, oblong, 10 to 18-costate, 3 lines long. 



Mt. Hamilton, Brewer; Southern California. Widely distributed eastward 

 to Wyoming and north to Washington. 



14. AGOSERIS Raf. 

 Perennial herbs with strong and often deep taproots, or annuals. Stems 

 naked and scape-like, bearing single large heads. Leaves in a radical tuft, 

 elongated. Flowers yellow. Bracts of the campanulate involucre imbricated, 

 the outer ovate, passing into the linear or lanceolate inner ones. Achenes terete, 

 oblong or fusiform, 10-ribbed, prolonged into a slender or filiform beak. 

 Pappus-bristles fine, copious, white or nearlv white, inserted on the dilated 

 apex of the beak.. Achenes in fruit expanding and forming a globose head, 

 the bracts of the involucre reflexed. (Greek agos, chief, and seris, Lettuce.) 



A. Annuals. 



Ligules conspicuous 1. A. major. 



Ligules inconspicuous 2. A. hcterophylla. 



B. Perennials. 

 Achenes tapering into the beak. 



Ligules elongated, much surpassing the involucre. 

 Coast species. 



Beak not longer than body of achene 3. A. apargioides. 



Beak about twice as long as body of achene 4. A. hirsuta. 



Interior species; beak about 3 times as long as body of achene 5. A. grandiflora. 



Ligules very short, scarcely surpassing the involucre; bases of the Bay hills 



6. A. plcbeia. 

 Achenes abruptly beaked ; montane 7. A. retorsa. 



1. A. major Jepsou. Six to I s in. high; Leaves frequently pinnatifid; ligules 

 elongated and conspicuous; achenes toothed at the apex of the body and ab- 

 ruptly beaked ; pappus dull white. 



Interior districts. Apr.-May. 



