424 COMPOSITAE. 



SuisiiH Marshes; probably a salt marsh form of the next. 



7. C. breweri (Gray) Jepson. Commonly white-tomentose, sometimes nearly 

 green, slender, and tall, 5 to 8 ft. high; lower leaves ample, rather narrowly 

 oblong, Irregularly and shallowly sinuate, almost devoid of prickles; upper 

 Leaves mostly elongated-lanceolate, conspicuously prickly; heads numerous, 

 paniculate, often rather densely so, at summit of the Btem, less than 1 in. 

 high, oblong or oblong-ovate; bracts of the globular involucre lanceolate, 

 much appressed, firm-coriaceous, bearing towards the apex a glandular or 

 viscid spot or ridge; outer and middle bracts abruptly tipped with a mostly 

 spreading weak prickle; corollas pale purple or whitish, the Lobes shorter than 

 the throat; anther-tips deltoid, merely acute. — (Cnicus breweri Gray.) 



Wet places in the Coast Ranges, not common: San Juan; Napa Valley; 

 Ft. Bragg; Lyon's Valley (Mayacamas Range) and northward to Mt. Shasta. 

 July-Aug. 



8. C. quercetorum (Gray) Jepson. Perennial by branching horizontal 

 rootstocks; stem short, 4 to in. (rarely 1 ft.) high, bearing a few large 

 heads; herbage arachnoid-tomentose when young, especially on the under sur- 

 face of the Leaves, eventually glabrate; heads l 1 /^ to 2 in. high, sometimes as 

 thick; leaves mostly petiolate, 4 to 9 in. long, pinnately parted and the oblong 

 or lanceolate divisions often 3 to 5-cleft or -divided, strongly or weakly prickly; 

 involucral bracts thickish, coriaceous, closely imbricated in many ranks, the 

 outermost ovate (about 3 lines long), the inner becoming lanceolate, all with 

 a short cusp rather less than 1 line long or sometimes blunt; innermost bracts 

 obscurely scarious at tip; flowers purplish or whitish; four of the corolla-lobes 

 united higher, the other longer than the throat. — (Cnicus quercetorum Gray.) 



Coast Ranges: Fort Ross; Napa; Marin Co.; San Juan and southward to 

 San Diego Co. June-Aug. 



9. C. callilepe (Greene) Jepson. Stems several from the crown of "the 

 perennial root, about 2 ft. high; leaves oblong-oblanceolate in outline, pinnately 

 lobed, moderately prickly, bright green above, lightly arachnoid-tomentose 

 beneath, 4 to 7 in. long; heads medium, in flower 1 to iy± in. high, commonly 

 borne in pairs on longish but rather unequal peduncles; bracts of the involucre 

 oblong, scariously margined and dilated at apex, cuspidate and lacerately 

 fringed; innermost bracts elongated-oblong or lanceolate, ending in a scarious 

 innocuous point; lobes of the corolla as long as the throat. — (Carduus callilopis 

 Greene.) 



San Francisco; Berkeley Hills; Marin Co. May-July. Rather uncommon. 



10. C. remotifolium (Gray) Jepson. Plants 3 to 8 ft. high; herbage 

 nearly glabrate, loosely arachnoid or minutely flocculent; leaves pinnately 

 Lobed to divided, the divisions of at least the lower divergently 3 -lobed, inure 

 or less whitened by the loose tomentnm beneath even in age; heads in flower 

 1 in. or at most 1% in. high, rather long-peduncled, naked or nearly so at 

 base; involucre broadly turbinate, lightly arachnoid and glabrate; bracts 

 elongated-oblong or linear or subulate, scariously margined and commonly 

 somewhat fimbriate towards the cuspidate tip; corolla yellowish white, its 

 segments much shorter than the throat; pappus of coarse bristles, the strongest 

 with club-shaped tips. — (Cnicus remotifolius Gray.) 



Dry mountain ridges from Knoxville. Napa Co., northward. Aug. In 

 plants from Lake Co. the bracts of the involucre are frequently not lacerate nor 

 scarcely scarious-margined. Plants from Howell Mt. referred to this species 

 have clustered instead of solitary heads on long peduncles, and campanulate 

 Involucres. 





