420 COMPOSITAE. 



1. S. marianum Gaertn. Milk Thistle. Branching, 3 to 6 ft. high; 



Leaves l'-j to -'•_> ft. long, 6 to 12 in. wide, strongly undulate at the sinuses; 

 heads about 2 to 2% in. broad; spines of the middle involucral bracts 1 to 

 I I 2 in long. 



Common in abandoned fields and by roadsides throughout California. Nat- 

 uralized from the Mediterranean Eegion. May-Aug. 



Tribe 3. Senecioneae. Groundsel Tribe. 

 23. PETASITES Gaertn. Sweet Coltsfoot. 



Perennial herbs with creeping rootstocks from which arise in early spring 

 scape-like flowering stems (with many scale-like leaves) and later ample radical 

 leaves. Heads in a dense corymb, subdioecious, i. e., the plants mostly sterile 

 or mostly fertile, the whitish sterile flowers with tubular 5-cleft corolla, and 

 the pinkish fertile flowers with ligulate corolla. Achenes 5 to 10-ribbed. 

 Pappus elongating with age, very soft and white. (Greek petasos, a broad- 

 brimmed hat, in allusion to the large leaves.) 



1. P. palmata (Ait.) Gray. Stem 7 to 10 in. high, glandular-pubescent, 

 its bract-like scales 1% to 2y 2 in. long; leaves roundish in outline, green and 

 nearly glabrous above, densely white-tomentose beneath, at least when young, 

 12 in. broad or less, palmately cleft to below the middle into 7 to 10 lobes, 

 the lobes denticulate, sinuately toothed or 3-lobed at apex; petioles 4 to 7 

 in. long; heads 7 lines high; ''sterile" heads with mostly perfect flowers but 

 the marginal flowers pistillate: — perfect flowers with the slender tube abruptly 

 dilated into a campanulate throat and 5-cleft limb and the style thickened 

 or club-shaped above, minutely papillate, and minutely cleft at the acute tip; 

 pistillate flowers with the style obscurely notched and but % as long as the 

 ligule; "fertile" heads with mostly pistillate flowers but with a few perfect 

 flowers in center of head: —pistillate flowers with style nearly as long or much 

 longer than the ligule and distinctly cleft at tip, the ligule smaller than in 

 ' ' sterile ' ' heads. 



Deep shades of wooded cafions in ranges near the coast from the Santa 

 Cruz Mts. and Camp Taylor to Eureka, Tracy, northward to Alaska and far 

 eastward to New England. 



24. CACALIOPSIS Gray. 



Floccose-woolly perennials with mostly radical palmately cleft or parted 

 leaves and few rayless heads of numerous flowers terminating the stoutish 

 stems. Involucre broadly campanulate, its bracts many, linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, rigid rather than herbaceous. Eeceptacle naked. Anthers entire 

 at base. Style puberulent below the slightly flattened branches. Achenes 

 10-nerved. Pappus copious, soft and white, equaling the corolla. (Greek 

 kakalia, ancient Greek name of some plant, and opsis, likeness.) ' 



1. C. nardosmia Gray. One to 1% ft. high; leaves palmately parted or 

 cleft, the divisions broad, cleft or toothed, the radical 2% to 3^ in. broad 

 on petioles 2% to 4 in. long, the cauline few, similar to the radical but 

 smaller; heads about 1 in. high, corymbosely disposed at the nearly naked 

 summit of the stem; flowers yellow, honey-scented. — (Adenostyles nardosmia 

 Cray.) 



Geysers, Sonoma Co.; Mendocino and Humboldt cos. and northward. Apr.- 

 Mav. 



25. LUINA I5en11.au.. 



Cottony-pubescent low plants with many erect simple stems. Leaves al- 



