428 COMPOSITAE. 



I yea coarsely dentate; heads 1 to 3 4. S. greenei. 



Leaves entire; beads many to numerous 5. S. clevelandii, 



Heads ray less. 



Herbage more or less woolly at leasl when young; montane plants 



(>. .V. aronicoides. 



Herbage glabrous; plants of brackisb marshes 7. S. hydrophilus. 



Bush; liiads with rays; leaves divided into 3 to 7 or 9 linear loins 8. S. douglasii. 



Climbing plants; heads rayless; leaves with reniform stipules 9. S. mikanioides. 



1. S. vulgaris L. Common Groundsel. Stem Bimple or branching, (5 

 1o 12 in. high; herbage glabrous or wit li ;i little louse tomentum; leaves pin- 

 natifid with jagged margin; heads in terminal corymbs, disposed to be sessile 

 in clusters; involucres cylindrical, 4 lines long, consisting of about 20 equal 

 black-tipped bracts with several to many conspicuously black-tipped small ones 

 at base; achenes slightly hairy. 



Very common; naturalized European weed. Feb. -Apr. Sometimes called 

 "Old Man of Spring." Reputed poisonous to some animals. 



2. S. sylvaticus L. Very similar to the preceding but the leaves mostly 

 linear to oblong, less pinnatifid, dentate, or nearly entire; heads commonly 

 looser in the corymb; bracts of involucre not black-tipped, the small ones at 

 base wanting or minute; rays about 5, minute, recurved, or sometimes wanting; 

 achenes appressed-pubescent. 



Seldom seen or passed over for S. vulgaris: San Luis Obispo; Vallejo. 



3. S. eurycephalus T. & G. Stem leafy, often much branched at the 

 summit, 1 to 2% ft. high; herbage floccose-woolly when young, and either 

 glabrate or not glabrate at flowering time; leaves deeply pinnatifid, the lobes 

 cuneate-obovate, entire, coarsely serrate or incisely cleft, or the terminal portion 

 unsegmented; heads 5 lines high, many in an ample corymb; involucre cam- 

 panulate at base, somewhat contracted above, its bracts linear-oblong, some- 

 what acute, scarious-margined; rays 7 to 12, the ligules 6 lines long. 



Open woods bordering the bases of low hills in the Coast Ranges : Southern 

 California. Common and variable. 



4. S. greenei Gray. Stem seldom 1 ft. high, bearing 1 to 3 short- 

 peduncled heads; herbage lightly floccose-tomentose; radical leaves roundish 

 with abrupt or somewhat cuneate base, coarsely dentate, barely 1 or 2 in. long, 

 on slender petioles; cauline leaves few, sessile, oblong or the uppermost lanceo- 

 late and entire, sometimes bract-like; heads % in. long; bracts of involucre 

 linear, none calyculate; rays deep orange, */> in. or more long; style-tips 

 of disk-flowers conspicuously penicillate-margined and with a central cusp; 

 achenes glabrous. 



Mountains near the Geysers; Mt. Sanhedrin. Rarely collected. 



5. S. clevelandii Greene. Stems commonly 2 ft. high, corymbosely 

 branched at summit, but the inflorescence lather strict, herbage glaucous and 

 glabrous, excepl the small floes of white tomentum in the axils of the upper 

 leaves and bracts; leaves mostly in a radical tuft, oblong, mostly 3 in. long, 



lap. aino to both ends from the middle or broadest above the middle, entire, 



obtuse, on petioles 3 to 5 in. long; uppermost leaves similar but smaller; la-ads 

 numerous in a compound corymb, ."> lines high; rays deep orange, - lines long; 

 achenes glabrous. 



('anon bottoms and moist beds of rivulets in the hills of northern Napa Co. 

 ami southern Lake Co. duly. 



6. S. aronicoides DC. Stem robust, 1 to 3 ft. high, leafy chiefly at the 

 base "i- bei,.\\ the middle; younger parts loosely woolly, soon glabrate; heads 



."> lines high, many in a compound terminal cyme, ov the inflorescence much 



