452 COMPOSITAE. 



3. W. glabra Gray. Mule-bars. Green a 1 1 . 1 glabrous throughout, minutely 

 resinous-glandular or viscid, and scabrous, at least when dry; leaves as in the 

 preceding, or broader and obtuse, sometimes toothed, rarely undulate; achenes 

 ami pappus glabrous. 



Marin <"o.; San Mateo; Antioch; San Joaquin Valley. Less common than no. 

 2 and scarcely differing except in surface character of the leaves and stems. 



59. HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower. 



Stout coarse herbs with petioled simple leaves, yellow mostly entire rays and 

 brownish or purplish disk. Leaves (all but the lower or lowest) alternate. 

 I lends large, solitary on the ends of the branches or in terminal corymbs. 

 Bracts of the involucre imbricated. Receptacle flat or convex, its bracts per- 

 sistent and embracing the 4-sided achenes. Pappus of pointed paleae borne 

 at the angle of the achene, often with very small intervening scales, all 

 deciduous. (Greek helios, sun, and anthos, flower, the heads turning toward 

 t he sun.) 



Annuals; heads terminal on the branches. 



Bracts of the involucre ovate 1. H. annuus. 



Bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. 



Stems scabrous; awn of the chaffy bract equaling the disk-flowers 



2. H. bolandcri. 

 Stems often hirsute, particularly near the heads; awn of the chaffy bract surpassing 



the disk-flowers 3. H. cxilis. 



Perennial; heads corymbose-paniculate at the summit of the simple stem; bracts with long 

 spreading tail-like tips 4. H. calif ornicus. 



1. H. annuus L. Common Sunflower. Stems erect and simple or more 

 or less branching, 2 to 5 ft. high; herbage rough-hispid; leaves deltoid-ovate, 

 serrate, the uppermost narrow and often entire; bracts of the involucre ovate, 

 slenderly acuminate; disk 1 in. in diameter, more or less; rays 1 to 1 ' L . in. long. 



Plains of the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys, first appearing in low 

 places along country roads. July-Sept. 



2. H. bolanderi Gray. Stems erect or diffusely branching, 1 to 3 ft. high, 

 scabrous-hispid; leaves ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, serrate or entire; rays 8 

 lines long, toothed at apex; disk purple, 9 or 10 lines broad; bracts of the 

 involucre hirsute, oblong-lanceolate, attenuate or acuminate; bracts of recep- 

 tacle chaffy, 3-toothed, the middle tooth much longer and awn-like. 



Abundant in low grain fields of the Sacramento Valley, thence westward to 

 the coast. Aug. -Sept. 



3. H. exilis Gray, slender, often unbranched, 1 to 2' ft. high; leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; peduncles often hirsute-villous beneath the heads; 

 bracts of the involucre lanceolate, hairy on the lower half; rays (i or 7 lines 

 long; awn-tip of the chaffy bract surpassing the disk tlowers. 



Common in valleys about Clear Lake and on the Sacramento Valley plains. 

 Aug. 



4. H. californicus IX'. Stems from somewhat tuber like roots. I to 11 ft. 

 high; Leaves from oblong to narrowly lanceolate, some oi the lower ovate, 

 minutely hispidulous, 5 to i> in. long Including the petiole, the lower opposite, 



the upper alternate, the larger 3-ribbed; heads •"•, in. high, in a terminal corym- 

 bose panicle; chaffy braids of the receptacle obtuse; bracts of the involucre 



lance. .late, tapering int.. long spreading tail like tips; rays about 15 to 20, 1 



in. long "i more; achenes flatfish, glabrous; pappus of •_' or .*> lanceolate chaffy 



paleae. 



Stream beds and banks; Coasl Ranges I Napa Range, Vaca Valley, Suisun 

 Marshes, Alameda, Sas Jose); Sierra. Nevada; Southern California. Sept. 



