I "> s COMPOSITAE. 



flowers above, all subtended bul nol enclosed by bracts. Bracts of the pistillate 

 flowers and bracts of the involucre becoming hardened, persistent. (An Ara- 

 bian Chief who wrote to the Kmperor Nero about simples.) 



mostly Mattered 1. E. sparsiftora. 



Heads in terminal clusters 2. E. caulescens. 



1. E. sparsiflora (Greene) Jepson. Erect, 1 to 4 in. high, simple or com- 

 monly branching from the base, the heads in the axils, scattered along the 

 1. ranches or slightly glomerate at the ends of the branches; leaves spatulate, 

 narrowed to a very slender petiole, l to 7 lines long; bracts of the receptacle 

 woolly on back and rather densely Long-hirsute at base, especially the upper; 



staniinate flowers in center about 4. 



Dry sterile soil: Healdsburgj Napa Valley; southward to Southern Cali- 

 fornia. 



2. E. caulescens Benth. Stem simple or with few long branches from the 

 base, - to 8 in. high; heads all in a terminal hemispherical cluster. % in. 

 broad and surrounded by a whorl of man}' leaves; leaves spatulate-obovate, 

 1 to Pj in. long, the cauline similar but smaller. 



Sacramento Valley. Var. humilis Jepson. One or 2 in. high, the heads 

 crowded on the short central stem or at the ends of the very short horizontal 

 branches (none in the axils), the close clusters subtended by rosulately ar- 

 ranged Leaves. — Antioch. 



71. FILAGO L. 



Low woolly annuals with entire leaves and small discoid heads in capitate 

 clusters. Receptacle hemispherical or conical, its summit or center bearing 

 a cluster of fertile and sterile flowers with rather copious capillary pappus 

 and surrounded by a series of scarious or chaff-like bracts. Base of recep- 

 tacle bearing several pistillate flowers with filiform tubular corollas, the 

 achenes of each enfolded in a concave or boat-shaped bract, and destitute of 

 pappus. (Latin filum, a thread, in allusion to the cottony pubescence.) 



Leaves oblong, tapering toward the base, abruptly acute at apex, the uppermost sub- 

 tending and often not surpassing the heads 1. F. calif ornica. 



Leaves subulate with broadish base, the uppermost subtending and conspicuously surpassing 

 the heads 2. F. tallica. 



1. F. californica Nutt. Erect, 4 to 9 (or sometimes 15) in. high, leafy 

 throughout, the leaves 3 to 9 lines long; heads ovate, 2 lines long; receptacle 

 convex, rough or somewhat bur-like; marginal bracts 8 to 10, very woolly, 

 deeply boat-shaped and somewhat incurved at apex, spreading stellately at 

 maturity; inner bracts oblong, plane or merely concave; marginal achenes 

 smooth; central achenes dotted with shining papillae. 



Dry hills throughout the State: St. Helena; Mt. Tamalpais, etc. May-June. 



2. F. gallica L. Five or (3 in. high; leaves mostly exceeding C. in., those 

 involucrate to the heads soft but straight and, in appearance, rigid; recep- 

 tacle nearly flat; heads conical and somewhat 5-angled ; marginal achenes 

 Completely enclosed in the at length indurated base of the bract. 



St. Helena, Jepson. Introduced from Europe. 



72. GNAPHALIUM L. Cudweed. 



Woolly herbs with entire sessile or decurrent hnves. Beads discoid, white, 



yellowish, or rose tinted, disposed in panicles, corymbs, or spikes. Receptacle 

 tint or convex, not chaffy. Bracts ot involucre scarious, imbricated. Pistillate 

 flowers in Beveral series with filiform corollas. Central flowers perfect, with 

 tubular 5-lobed corollas. Pappus a Bingle Beries ot' capillary bristles. (Greek 



gnaphalpn, a lock ot' wool, these plants lloccose-woolly.) 



