SUNFLOWER FAMILY. 463 



leaves. Heads small, solitary, or somewhat clustered at the ends of more or 

 less naked branches, nodding in the bud. Eeceptacle convex. Involucre tur- 

 binate-campanulate, its bracts in 2 series, narrowly oblong, thin or membran- 

 ous, scarious-margined, mucronulate, appressed. Disk-corollas yellow or rose- 

 red, very slender; rays white, pink or yellow, or none. Achenes oblong, 

 flattened, hirsute-pubescent. Pappus of 5 slender bristles, often with 2 reduced 

 or wanting, or all obsolete. (Greek pente, five, and chaite, a bristle, in allusion 

 to the pappus.) 



Simple or with simple branches from the base, erect; peduncles white-villous beneath 



the head 1. P. cxilis. 



Dichotomous, and disposed to be diffuse; peduncles with scattered hairs 



2. P. alsinoidcs. 



1. P. exilis Gray. Simple or mostly branched from the base, erect, com- 

 monly 3 or 4 in. high; herbage purplish; branches or stems terminated by a 

 single head (1% to 2 lines high); involucre broadly campanulate; rays 8 to 

 14, 2 lines long; outer disk-corollas rose-red, widening upward, the throat 

 abruptly contracted beneath the minute teeth; achenes oblong-turbinate, vil- 

 lous; pappus-bristles 3 or 5, sometimes abortive. 



Coast Range hillsides: San Mateo Co.; Oakland Hills; Marin Co.; Napa 

 Valley. Apr.-May. 



2. P. alsinoides Greene. Dichotomously branching, 2 to 5 in. high; in- 

 volucres narrowly or broadly turbinate, its bracts 5 to 7 or 9 and containing 

 3 to 7 flowers; disk-corollas filiform, with minute teeth; rays none; achenes 

 obovate-clavate; pappus-bristles 3, very slender. 



Coast Eanges: Berkeley Hills; Vallejo; Sonoma. Also in the Sierra Nevada. 

 Apr.-May. 



79. HETEROTHECA Cass. 



Tall hairy herbs with alternate leaves and heads of yellow flowers in a 

 terminal corymbose panicle. Involucre broadly oblong (or ovate in fruit), its 

 narrow bracts closely imbricated in many series, without spreading tips. Both 

 ray- and disk-flowers numerous and fertile. Ray-achenes triangular, with 

 broad sides and narrow back; pappus none or caducous. Disk-achenes com- 

 pressed, silky-hirsute; pappus double, the copious inner bristles long, capillary 

 and scabrous, the outer of short and stout bristles or scales or inconspicuous. 

 (Greek heteros, different, and theke, a case or ovary, the achenes of disk and 

 ray dissimilar.) 



1. H. grandiflora Nutt. Mostly simple below, 2 to 5 ft. high; peduncles 

 with gland-tipped hairs; leaves ovate, varying to elliptic or oblong, serrate, 

 the lower and radical loug-petioled, the upper sessile by a rather broad base; 

 heads rather large (4 or 5 lines high); rays about 30; pappus as long or 

 longer than the achene, in age brick-red; outer pappus of disk-flowers incon- 

 spicuous. 



Immigrant from Southern California: San Jose, etc. Aug.-Oct. 



80. CHRYSOPSIS Ell. 

 Perennial herbs, sometimes suffrutescent, with entire leaves. Heads medium- 

 sized, solitary or paniculate. Rays present or none. Involucre campanulate to 

 hemispherical, its bracts narrow and regularly imbricated. Flowers yellow. 

 Style-appendages linear-filiform to subulate. Achenes compressed or turgid. 

 Pappus brownish or ferruginous, of numerous capillary bristles, with or with- 

 out a short outer row of little scales. (Greek chrusos, golden, and opsis, aspect, 

 from the color of the blossom.) 



