MADDER FAMILY. Rubiaceae. 
yellow and veined with purple, with two yellow ridges in 
the throat. This is not common and is found across the 
continent. 
MADDER FAMILY. Rubiaceae. 
A large family, widely distributed, chiefly tropical. Ours 
are herbs, or shrubs; leaves opposite or in whorls; flowers 
regular, usually perfect; calyx with four teeth or none; 
corolla with four or five united lobes, often hairy inside; 
stamens on the corolla, as many as its lobes and alternate 
with them; ovary inferior, with one or two styles; fruit a 
capsule, berry,or stone-fruit. Coffee, Quinine,and Madder, 
used for dye, belong to this family. I am told that the 
latter plant is escaping around Salt Lake and is well 
established there. The Latin name means “red.” 
There are many kinds of Houstonia, North American, 
usually growing in tufts, leaves opposite; flowers small; 
calyx four-lobed; corolla funnel-form or salver-form, four- 
lobed; style slender, with two long stigmas; fruit a capsule. 
Sometimes the flowers are perfect, but usually they are of 
two kinds, one kind with high anthers and short pistil, 
the otherkind withlong pistil and anthers inside the corolla- 
tube; visiting insects carry pollen from the high anthers of 
the one to the high stigmas of the other, and from the low 
anthers to the low stigmas, thus ensuring cross-pollination 
eee: ME A pretty little desert plant, about two 
Housténia rabra inches high, forming close tufts of sage- - 
Pink and white green foliage, like harsh moss, with stiff 
Summer needle-like leaves and woody stems, 
—_ sprinkled with charming little pink and 
white flowers. The corolla is three-eighths of an inch 
across, with a long slender tube, the stamens lilac, and the 
odd little nodding capsules have two round lobes. This 
grows in the dreadful sandy wastes of the Petrified Forest. 
; The only kind, a slender little plant, 
—— from six inches to a foot tall, usually with 
Kelléggia J : 
ee smooth leaves, with small stipules. The 
Spring, summer tiny flowers are white, pink, or greenish- 
White, pink, yellow, with a bristly calyx, and the 
epmigne corolla usually has four petals, but 
West, etc. ; : 
sometimes five or three; the stigmas 
two. The fruit is covered with hooked bristles. This 
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