SUNFLOWER FAMILY, Compositae. 
' 
flowers. They are each over an inch and a quarter across, 
with bright yellow rays and orange centers and are well 
set off by the rather pale foliage. This grows on hillsides 
among the rocks and gives a golden hue which may be 
seen at a distance of seven or eight miles. 
ae Sia A handsome conspicuous shrub, two 
Encélia feet or more high, gray and downy when 
Califérnica young but becoming smoother and greener, 
Yellow with downy, reddish twigs, dark green 
Spring leaves, and numerous flowers, on long 
Californi 
~< flower-stalks. They are two or three 
inches across, with three-toothed, bright yellow rays and 
very dark maroon or brown centers, specked with yellow, 
and velvety or hairy involucres. This grows on sea-cliffs, 
where it makes very effective masses of color, in fine 
contrast to the blue of the sea below and the sky above. 
A rather straggling shrub, about two 
Encélia frutéscens 
Yellow feet high, with whitish, woody stems, 
Spring pale reddish twigs, and bright green leaves, 
Southwest 
which are roughened with minute prickles 
on the margins and under sides, but look quite shiny. The 
flower-heads are over half an inch long, in western Arizona 
usually without any rays, and are not especially pretty, like 
a starved Sunflower whose rays have shrivelled away in the 
dry heat of the desert, but the effect of the foliage, which 
suggests little apple leaves, is decidedly attractive in the 
arid sandy places it frequents. 
There are many kinds of Helianthus, natives of the New 
World. 
A handsome kind, with a rough stem, 
Common from two to ten feet tall, roughish leaves, 
Sunflower 
edie more or less toothed, the upper alternate, 
énnuus the lower opposite, and a flower-head from 
Yellow two to four inches across, with bright 
~ pained golden-yellow, toothless rays, a maroon 
center, and a very dark green involucre, 
with stiff, overlapping bracts. This is larger in cultiva- 
tion and is a very useful plant, for its flowers yield honey 
and a yellow dye, its seeds oil and food, the leaves are good 
for fodder, and the stalks for textile fiber. It is common 
nearly everywhere along roadsides, as far east as Missouri, 
and is found as a stray in the East. 
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