WHITE GROUP 



uncommon in the open woods of western New York, south- 

 ward and westward. 



Umbrella Leaf 



LHphytteia cymbsa. — Family, Barberry. Sepals, petals, and sta- 

 mens, 6. Sepals falling early. Fruit, a few-seeded blue berry. 

 Flowers in cymes, terminating the stem, which grows from a 

 thick rootstock. Leaf, one very large, from the root, roundish, 

 deeply cut into nearly equal halves, each half being 5 to 7- 

 lobed, with petiole fastened underneath, like an open umbrella. 

 Often 2 more similar leaves, but smaller, joined to petioles near 

 the margin of the leaf, on the flower-stem. May. 



Near springs on the mountains of Virginia and southward. 



Bloodroot 



Sa.nguina.ria canadensis. — Family, Poppy. Sepals, 2. Petals, 

 8 to 12. Stamens, many. Pistil, 1. Fruit, an oblong, dry pod. 

 Leaf, 1, from a short rootstock, rounded, deeply lobed. April 

 and May. 



This beautiful, snowy flower of early spring grows on a 

 naked scape accompanied by a single large, round leaf, which 

 infolds the bud and expands with the flower. Both come 

 from a thick rootstock filled with a blood-red juice, which 

 stains the hands picking the flower. There are many woods 

 and low hillsides dotted with these pure flowers in their sea- 

 son, which alone are worth a trip from the city to see. (See 

 illustration, p. 76.) 



White Poppy 



Paphver somniferum. — Family, Poppy. Color, white or bluish 

 purple. Sepals, 2, thin, falling after the flower appears. Petals, 

 4. Numerous stamens. Style short, and stigma broad, over- 

 hanging the ovary. Leaves, alternate, divided, clasping, cut, 

 toothed. Fruit, 1 inch in diameter, opening by chinks under 

 the edge of the stigma. Stem, from 1 to 3 feet high, somewhat 

 hairy. Buds droop on the stem ; the flower is erect. Late spring 

 and summer. (Listed also under Purple Group, p. 3I0.)[ 



This is the opium poppy, cultivated so largely in Turkey 

 and India. 



The part of the plant used in commerce is the milky juice 

 which exudes from the capsules. These are carefully cut in 

 the evening, and the juice is collected next morning. When 

 sufficient liquid has been gathered on one dish, it is drained 



75 



