TIN DEPOSITS OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 103 
° ALLUVIAL Deposits. 
The alluvial deposits may be divided at once under two heads— 
a. Deep leads 
6. Surfacing and shallow placers 
and these require separate treatment in a description. The 
greater quantity of tin which has hitherto been raised in New 
5S 
deposit, and it was the shallow leads, those in which the cover 
seldom exceeded 40 er 50 feet, which first brought this Colony into 
prominence as a tin-producing district. 
All the alluvial deposits of any importance hitherto discovered 
are confined to the area previously defined, and appear to have 
been derived directly from the parent rock on which they rest, 
and so may serve as a guide by which impregnations and lodes 
may be traced. 
In the Vegetable Creek area the shallow leads have now been 
all worked out so far as European enterprise is concerned, but the 
Chinese, who are now in equal numbers with Europeans, about 
500 of each being registered, still continue to rework some of the 
old claims. 
Some exceedingly rich deposits were found at the Y Waterhole 
and Graveyard leads, and again close to the township of Emma- 
f=] 
bottom, others, as mentioned by Mr. David, upon basalt, below 
which deep leads have been struck; but although the shallow leads 
are found higher up the valleys the courses of the deep leads 
generally correspond very closly with those of the shallow ones, 
which have been deposited during more recent times. 
Tingha numerous shallow deposits have been worked out, but 
at the present time little is being done except by Chinamen who are 
working on Cope’s Creek, but although there are even now over 
a thousand at work large numbers have left the locality lately. 
It has been stated that these shallow leads are now, to all in- 
tents and purposes, exhausted, but the history of the deep leads is 
yet in its infancy. 
ese deposits are found below a varying thickness of cover, 
from 140 feet to about 180 feet ; and in some cases the leads aré 
buried below solid floes of basalt, while in others no basalt is met 
with in sinking. The basaltic streams, however, appear, up to 
the present, to have formed the main guide in the search for deep 
leads, and, stretching from Emmaville, an almost continuous 
stream of this rock has been traced through Kangaroo Flat to 
Spring Creek, a distance of about 30 miles. 
This area has been prospected at various points, but it is in few 
places only that payable tin has yet been found, of which Rose 
Valley, Two Mile, Kangaroo Flat, and Spring Creek may be 
