122 THE ABORIGINAL NAMES OF RIVERS 
the hum. In the simple form x, the root-words indicating associa- 
tion with water are not numerous. There are such as nano, a 
swamp, in Western Australia ; aot, a canoe, in the neighbourhood 
of Port Jackson, It is when we take in conjunction with g that 
a flood of illustrations poursin upon us. For, as m has its natural 
affinity for 6, so 7 has its natural affinity for two classes of letters, 
the gutturals g, k, and the dentals d, t, we shall follow out the 
illustrations in connection with the nasal n g and nk sounds, At 
Cape York there is wng-onya, salt water; narung, lagoon, about 
the Manning River ; ngarugi, to drink, in Kamilaroi, north of 
i and south of Queensland ; ngayuwa and ngating, fresh 
water, at Lake Macquarie ; yaang, lag goon, Victoria ; nguke, water, 
at Lake Alexandrina ; ngarru, breaker, at Port Lincoln ; ngyanga, 
wave, in Western Australia ; ngura and uringo, a pool,at Champion 
Bay, Western Australia. Along with all these may be given nga- 
meaning an island, as showing again how root-words for water 
are used to denote islands. 
Forms in nk are such as these: Nuken, river, oe Bay ; 
nukou and nuke, water, Lower Darling ; A Says and xgukko on the 
Lower —— ; mucho on the Murray ; tainke, sw fi mip at Lake 
Alexandrin The word killink is Emiany imitative, as des- 
cribing as well as denoting — ema made by a stone when 
allowed to fall geet into the w: 
ooking now into the nants for illustrative names, there 
oveur Belering ga Cried: Carralunga Creek, Myponga River, Kaying4; 
andrina ; Aldinga Lagoon and Bay ; Bullaparinga Creek, 
Corong ae Pandloting ga Creek, Tooraringana Creek, Wildanunga 
Creek. Besides such as thes e, there are the streams of names 
ending in long, wong, and sie Those ending in gong will be 
more specially examined hereafter. As between the forms in 7g 
nk there — be noticed in passing a notable result. Out of 
nearly 800 names of rivers and waters in the Gazetteer of New 
South Wales, upwar ds of 100 contain the nasal ng, while only a few 
units exhibit nk. Of this last class are such names as Yanko — 
Creek. In South Australia there is Yankalilla River. 
to other languages of the world, we have the nasal in 
the heuitin? ngahyin,a fountain. This is the word which, shortened 
into ain and en, so often indicates the locality of wells in book of 
Eastern travel. Ayun Musa, are the wells of Moses. There is 
sunger, a river, in Javanese ; arung, to wade through water, 2 
Malay, also ongagu, a river and ngusor. In Maori, there are 
ngachi, tide ; ngacki, swamp, and ngongi, water. 
K (Non-imitative). 
Root-words for water in ka, ga, ya.—In pursuing our a 
come now to a point precisely parallel to what was encoun foes 
after starting with the letter m, as supplying a wi lable 
