IN AUSTRALIA PHILOLOGICALLY EXAMINED. 133 
appears to be that of something ix the water. The Latin navis 
-and the Greek naus, a ship, are accordingly so named because they 
Sloat upon the water. The Port Jackson word for canoe, namely, 
niuor, seems to have been adopted on the same — Further, 
the Latin insula appears to supply t ee water. 
Insula is something cast tn salsum, into the ocean. Cog e with 
this is the Celtic innis, which applies to —— he welled pt 
sula, and meadow-land. There is Jnchkeith, an island. There 
is Darian Doirbh-innis, Stormy Island, nse the island in this 
case is a peninsula, en there are the famous inches of Perth, 
in Scotland, — are meadow-lands. Let it be noted also that 
the Greek nesos, an island, is applied to a peninsula in the notable 
case of the Salegiahistin the tsland (peninsula) of Pelops. In the 
Gothic stock of languages similar phenomena occur. The form ea 
in Anglo-Saxon is an island and also rwnning water. Laton is 
the water-town. Many places have names determined by their 
relation to water. In Scandinavian oe is ere hence oeland, an 
island, is waterland. Zea-land is sea lanc ermany, forms sin 
au indicate meadow -lands, as on the banks of rivers. Thus Rhein- 
au, and many more 
Root-words for Water and their bearing on Grammar. 
Besides the arrangements whereby root-words for water are 
which we possibly g get a glimpse into Lr operation of 
ideas which to the formation of s the grammatical 
peculiarities of ares In ates eos all that we have 
had to notice about rivers and streams, and the circumstances of 
the aborigines in regard to them, there are some points which come 
to the surface enabling us to see how words have passed from the 
state of nouns to the state of prepositions, and how insensibly a 
process of generalization seems to have taken a in the abori- 
al min But to proceed to the materials concerned. In a 
vocabulary we find that in two different dialects a ona is —_ 
sented by the aboriginal words koiong and ngurang. The form 
means fire, and the latter means water. The ae of ‘dea 
is simple enough. The jire is a source of significant and compen- 
dious reference to the place where the camp or settlement is 
established. So gar 
watering acing is rh camping place. Now along oe any we put 
information which we get from the vocabularies. We ar 
now with the root ap, op, or up in Western Aiooeies as very 
extensively concerned in the tralian names on the map for 
waterholes, springs, and wells. But we learn that ap and op 
me terminational particles added to names, to indicate a place 
Suitable as a — place. We have seen that the watering place 
sad 
