COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA. 77 
XI.—PERMIAN. 
Kaihiku series. 
The mineral character of this formation is grey and green sand- 
stone, with breccia and heav ris aresene beds. Fossils have 
only been found at 1,000 feet ‘baie the great conglomerate that 
divides it from the Oreti series, the lower 5 ,000 feet not having 
yet been discovered to be fossiliferous. 
he leading fossils are Permian species, of which a large number 
have been recognized, and th eater number, whic have been 
found in Southland, also occur in Mount Potts and N elson, where 
Te 
almost edb alia ted in the centre. The diameter “of the centrum 
must, in some cases, have been 18 inches, and the length or mar- 
ginal thickness of the disk 3 inches, so that the length to the 
width of the vertebral segments was 1: 5. Still having the same 
proportions are other contra, but only 1 inch in length ‘and over 6 
inches i in diameter. The articular surface of the bone i is mark 
character. No vertebral processes are visible. The ribs, which 
rake strongly curved, are in some cases 34 feet in length and 2} 
nehes in diameter. The articular exteeanty is hatchet-shaped, 
with & convex surface The proximal part of the rib looks like a 
hollow tube, probably owing to the spongy bone having disap- 
peared, leaving the dense surface layer ; but the distal portion of 
the rib for Dees iaetha' of its length was solid throughout. 
y ribs were counted in one specimen, but it was not clear 
if they “etpaae to one side only. 
The only limb bone available for examination is like the humerus 
3 Telthyoonras, but greatly expanded at the distal extremity, 
bei inches in length and 9 inches across the lower end. It 
+ compre ed and concave on the one surface, and convex on the 
other 
“Tt is worthy of note that, from a se serar of the same age, 
x Nugget Point, Otago, and also in the Otapiri series in the 
Walros — on Eee teeth having “Labyyrinthodont characters 
