Definitions of Color Terms. 17 



mixture of white, or (in the case of dyes or washes) by 

 excess of aqueous or other liquid medium ; as, a deep, 

 medium, light, pale or delicate (pallid) tint of red. The 

 term cannot correctly be used in any other sense. 



Shade. — Any color (pure or broken) darkened by 

 shadow or (in the case of pigments) by admixture of 

 black ; exactly the opposite of tint; as a medium, dark, 

 or very dark (dusky) shade of red. 



Tone. — "Each step in a color scale is a tone of that 

 color."* The term tone cannot, however, be properly 

 applied to a step in the spectrum scale, in which each 

 contiguous pair of the six distinct spectrum or "funda- 

 mental" colors are connected by hues. Hence tonef is 

 exclusively applicable to the steps in a scale of a single 

 color or hue, comprising the full color (in the center) 

 and graduated tints and shades leading off therefrom in 

 opposite directions ; or of neutral gray similarly graduat- 

 ed in tone from the darkest shade to the palest tint . Each 

 one of the colored blocks in the vertical scales of the plates 

 in this work represents a separate tone of that color. 



Scale. — A linear series of colors showing a gradual 

 transition from one to another, or a similar series of 

 tones of one color. The first is a chromatic scale! (or 

 scale of colors and hues) and in the plates of this work 

 is represented by each horizontal series ; the second is a 



*Milton Bradley: Elementary Color, p. 25. 



fExeeption has been taken in a recent work ("A Color Notation," by A. H. 

 Munsell) to the use of the term tone in this connection, on the ground that its proper 

 use belongs to music, and the term value, is substituted. The same line of reasoning 

 would, however, certainly require the discarding of chromatic scale as a term ol 

 music nomenclature, since its derivation is clearly from color (chroma). Further- 

 more, the word "value" is even more elastic in its application than tone, and, all 

 things considered, the present writer, at least, fails to see that any improvement is 

 madejjy the proposed change. 



JThe term chromatic scale has unfortunately been appropriated for a very 

 different use (in music) ; nevertheless it is strictly correct in the present sense while 

 in the other it is not, though firmly established by long usage. The term spectrum 

 scale is not adequate, as a substitute, because the spectrum series of colors is in- 

 complete through absence of the hues connecting violet with red, which are necessary 

 to show the full scale of pure colors and hues. 



