46 General Notes. [January, 
changed; for instance, by heating, since thus the molecular interspaces 
are increased. This theory was then ingeniously applied to the expla- 
nation of periodic movements in plants. 
Boranicat Papers IN Recent Perropicas.— It is intended to give 
under this head the titles of the principal papers relating to botany and 
vegetable physiology, contained in the scientific journals and proceedings 
of societies, The enumeration will not always be exhaustive, nor will short 
notes or memoranda be mentioned unless of particular interest. _ A few 
of the following titles are at second-hand from Sklarek’s Repertorium der 
Naturwissenschaften, October, 1875. 3 
American Journal of Science and Arts, November, 1875. Æstivation 
and its terminology, by Prof. Asa Gray (gives the history, and discusses 
the question, of the proper term to be applied to the mode variously 
called obvolute, contorted, or convolute). 
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Olub, New York, October and No- 
vember, 1875. Lichens of Kerguelen’s Land, by Professor Edward 
Tuckerman. (Among the species collected by Dr. Kidder in the U. S. 
Transit Expedition is a new genus, Urceolina.) Notes. upon Anychia 
dichotoma, by John H. Redfield (suggests the reëstablishment of two 
species). Dimorphism or'trimorphism in Pontederia cordata, by W. H. 
Leggett. 
The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, November, 1875. De- 
scriptions of new plants from the Nicobar Islands, etc., by S. Kurz (giv- 
ing also a short account of the principal features of the vegetation of this 
group in the Indian Ocean). New lichens from Kerguelen’s Land, by 
the Rev. J. M. Crombie: Professor Tuckerman’s paper in the October 
number of the Bulletin of the Torrey Club has a month’s priority. 
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, October, 1875, has two 
photographs of microscopic preparations of the resting spores of the 
potato fungus. Mr. W. G. Smith observes that the organisms now pho- 
tographed are identical with the bodies found thirty years ago by Dr. 
Rayer, of Paris, and afterwards placed in the hands of Rev. Mr. Berkeley. 
These specimens are still in existence and have been photographed to 
the same scale as the recently found bodies. In the same journal Pro- 
fessor McNab gives a condensed translation of Dr. Oscar Brefeld’s 
memoir on the life-history of Penicillium, a gmn of low fungi to which 
the common pale blue mold belongs. 
Journal of the Linnean Society, October 11th. Notes on the Gamo- 
petalous orders belonging to the Campanulaceous and Oleaceous groups, 
by George Bentham (dealing with the development of the former group 
and the geographical distribution of both). Notes on the occurrence of- 
“fairy-rings,” by J. H. Gilbert. ‘The highly nitrogenous fungi flour- 
ished strikingly, and appeared in ‘ fairy-rings’ on two plots only,” in 
Mr. Gilbert’s experiments. “On neither of these was nitrogen or potass 
applied as manure.” On the characteristic coloring-matters of the red 
