1876. } The Harvard Summer School of Geology. 29 
American mammals, —a law it took naturalists fifty years longer 
to develop and formulate, — since Bartram repeatedly alludes to 
the smaller size of animals of the same species in Georgia and 
Florida than in Pennsylvania, especially the wolves, deer, foxes, 
“and other animals.” At page 216 of his Travels, for instance, 
after referring to the small size of the horses of Florida, he says, 
“It is a matter of conjecture and inquiry, whether or not the dif- 
ferent soil and situation of the country may have contributed in 
some measure in forming and establishing the difference in size 
and other qualities betwixt them. I have observed the horses 
and other znimals in the high hilly country of Carolina, Georgia, 
Virginia, and all along our shores, are much larger and stronger 
than those bred in the flat country next the sea-coast ; a buck- 
skin of the Upper Creeks and Cherokees will weigh twice as 
heavy as those of the Siminoles or Lower Creeks, and those bred 
in the low flat country of Carolina.” 
THE HARVARD SUMMER SCHOOL OF GEOLOGY. 
BY PROFESSOR N. S. SHALER. 
[RE first session of this, the last to be established of the sev- 
eral schools for summer teaching which have been originated by 
the officers of Harvard University, held its first session at Cum- 
berland Gap, Kentucky, during the past summer. The design 
was to give practical field instruction in geology to teachers and 
others of some training in science and general culture, who might 
desire to acquire the methods of such work. ‘The Governor of 
Kentucky having given an invitation to the President of Harvard 
College to place the school in Kentucky, and having offered the 
 Coöperation of the Kentucky Geological Survey, the school was 
established at Cumberland Gap, within the State of Kentucky but 
near to the state lines of Tennessee and Virginia. Though re- 
mote from the routes of travel, this point offered peculiar advan- 
tages for the study of stratigraphic, topographical, and dynamic 
geology. The structure of the Appalachian mountain system is- 
exceedingly well shown at this point; the section extends from 
the lower Potsdam sandstone to the middle coal measures, giving 
about twelve thousand feet of beds within forty miles of distance ; 
a wonderful system of faults of different ages bring these beds to 
view at many different points and enable the student to observe 
them under varied conditions; a short distance away, within plain 
