26 Bartramian Names in Ornithology. [ January, 
179 Bartram speaks of seeing “the vultures and ravens crouched 
on the crooked limbs of the lofty pines,” ete., in East Florida. 
Is Dr. Coues willing to extend the former range of the raven 
over East Florida, and admit it as a summer migrant from the 
South to Pennsylvania, accepting Bartram as authority, and 
amend his ornithological writings to correspond? Consistency 
certainly calls for this if we adopt Bartram’s name, and “ con- 
sistency is a jewel,” says our author. 
. “© CORVUS MARITIMUS, the great sea-side crow or rook ” = 
Corvus maritimus Bartr. = C. ossifragus Wils. Based on the 
name and the indication of its habitat, though “ great,” as com- 
pared with the others, is erroneous. The ambiguity that over- 
shadows C. carnivorus throws additional doubt upon the identity 
of C. maritimus with C. ossifragus. 
6. ‘ CORVUS FRUGIVORUS, the common crow ” = C. frugivo- 
rus Bartr. =C. Americanus Aud. Based on the name alone and 
“ exactly parallel,” says Dr. Coues, with the case of the raven. 
7. “Corvus FLORIDANUS, pica glandaria minor, the little jay 
of Florida ” =Cyanocitta Floridana (Bartr.) Bon. = Aphelocoma 
Floridana (Bartr.) Cab. At page 212 distinguished from Cya- 
nura cristata. 
8. ““GRACULA PURPUREA, the lesser purple jackdaw, or crow 
blackbird ” = Quiscalus purpureus (Bartr.) Cass. This render- 
ing is evidently not tenable, since the Gracula quiscula of Lin- 
næus (1758), as shown by his description in the Systema Na- 
turæ, refers to this species and not to Q. major, though possibly 
some of the references may. Hence if quiscula is to be used for 
either of the Quiscali, it must be used for purpureus and not for 
major, although Bartram employed it for Q. major, and on this 
ground Dr. Coues suggests its adoption for that species.1 
9. “ CERTHIA RUFA, little brown variegated creeper ” — C. 
Jamiliaris, var. rufa (Bartr.) Coues, ‘with those who separate 
the bird from the European ” — O. Americana auct. 
10. “CERTHIA PINUS, the pine creeper ” — Dendreca pinus 
(Bartr.) Bd. “The name,” says Coues, “ is universally attrib- 
uted to Wilson, but we see here its original source.” Are we quite 
1“ GRACULA QUISCULA, the purple jackdaw of the sea-coast ” Bartram. Dr. Coues 
says, “ The expression ‘purple jackdaw of the sea-coast’ is perfectly diagnostic, the 
sp being thoroughly maritime and always called jackdaw in the countries it 
inhabits.” It, however, shares the name “ purple jackdaw ” with Q. purpureus, see 
Catesby and subsequent early writers. “To those to whom,” Dr. Coues continues, 
“such alliterative names as Sialia sialis, Cupidonia cupido, etc., are unobjectionable, 
I suggest the propriety of calling this species Quiscalus quiscula.” eee 
