164 Explorations in Colorado.  [Mareh, 
man forms abound, with many hieroglyphical signs. At other 
points adobe houses of great extent were discovered. One town, 
running along the face of a perpendicular bluff for three hundred 
yards, contained seventy-five rooms, with granaries and cisterns. 
In the centre of the mass was a well-preserved circular apartment, 
a little below the general level of the others, which was probably 
an estrefa. ‘The goat corrals were inside, between the houses 
and the bluff. In another ruined town, consisting of houses 
scattered up and down the De Chelly and Bonito rivers, were 
great reservoirs in which was found abundant and excellent 
water. 
A week was spent by Mr. Jackson at the Moquis towns, where 
he obtained photographs of the houses and the inhabitants. The 
comparison between the work of the prehistoric town-builders 
and the Moquis was very much in favor of the former, the high- 
est degree of perfection being exhibited in the cliff houses of 
the Rio Mancos (described in the January NATURALIST), where 
some of the houses were marvels of finish and durability, while in 
traveling to the present homes of the Moquis there was found 
to be a gradual merging of the ancient into the modern style, 
from the neatly-cut rock and correct angles of the prehistoric 
race to the comparatively crude buildings now made by the 
Moquis. Other ruins in different cañons were visited, the most 
extensive of which were in the cañon and valley of the Monte- 
zuma. Here the bottom of the cafions once supported a very 
thickly settled community. There is in one lateral cañon an 
aimost continuous series of ruins for a distance of twenty-five 
miles. Throughout the lateral cajions every available defensive 
point has been utilized, and is now covered with the remains of 
heavy walls and large blocks of houses. 
Another singular feature was the number of holes cut into the 
perpendicular lower wall of the cation for the purpose of ascend- 
ing the rock, holes just large enough to give a hand and foot hold, 
and leading.either to some walled-up cave or to a building erected 
above. Some of these steps ascended the nearly perpendicular 
face of the rock for one hundred and fifty or two hundred feet. 
The results of this trip were the collection of a large number of 
ora both modern and ancient, stone arrow and spear points, 
ives and axes, with photographs especially illustrative of the 
most important ruins, and numerous sketches of everything of 
note, which will .be.brought out in detail in the e publica- 
tions of the survey. 
