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1876.] The Flora of Guadalupe Island. 225 
been elsewhere completely extirpated. The entire number of 
species is one hundred and thirty-one, including one hundred and 
two exogenous and eight endogenous, the remaining twenty-one 
belonging to the higher cryptogamic orders, — ferns, mosses, and 
liverworts. Omitting a single phænogamous species (a Heu- 
chera), of which the material is insufficient for a satisfactory de- 
termination, the remaining one hundred and nine may be divided 
into five groups : (1) Introduced species, of which there are 
twelve; (2) those that range from the Pacific to the Atlantic 
States, of which there are nine ; (8) those that are found 
throughout California, or at least as far north as San Francisco, 
numbering forty-nine ; (4) those found only in Southern Cali- 
twenty-one. 
The twelve species! of whose comparatively recent introduc- 
tion there can be little doubt are all of European origin, and 
chiefly from Southern Europe, and are all also found more or less 
widely naturalized in California. The original introduction of 
most is probably due to the Spaniards, at least upon the main- 
land, where the extent to which several have become distributed 
'ssomething marvelous. The most remarkable is the Alfilaria 
(Erodium cicutarium), which, unlike the wild oat (Avena fatua), 
has not been limited in its range to the western side of the Sierra 
Nevada, but is fowid through much of the interior, from New 
Mexico to Washington Territory. On Guadalupe it is found 
‘verywhere, and is more abundant than any other plant. An- 
other species of the same genus (E. moschatum), provided with 
the Same contrivances for securing the dissemination and plant- 
Ing of its numerous seeds, occurs less frequently both here and in 
California ; probably because, requiring more moisture, it is un- 
able to maintain itself where the other will flourish. Another 
Instance is the Oligomeris subulata of India, Egypt, and the Ca- 
nary Islands, found also in Southern California, and common east- : 
ward through the valleys of the Lower Colorado and of the Gila © 
the Rio Grande, and in Northern Mexico. It is difficult to ac- 
count for the wide-spread distribution of this plant, if of recent 
ntroduction, through a region so desert and sparsely inhabited. 
esides these twelve species placed in the first group, there are 
Wo others, also found in California, which are considered identi- 
1 i : ‘ 
arsin mgra; Oligomeris subulata ; Silene Galiica ; Malva borealis ý Erodium 
Chen, mum and Æ, moschatum ; Sonchus oleraceus; Anagallis arvensis ; Solanum nigrum; 
ate P 
k Podium album ; Avena fatua ; Bromus sterilis. ` 
u X, — No. 4 15 
