1876.] Geography and Exploration. 251 
route he has fixed 85 positions and taken 706 observations, consisting 
of 137 for latitude by stars north and south of the zenith, 196 for time, 
368 lunar observations, one for the sun’s eclipse of April 6, 1875, and 
four amplitudes for compass variation. His method of observing lunars 
for longitude is of the first order, namely, by stars east and west of the 
moon’s enlightened limb ; and by computing his observations, he has not 
only laid down his route accurately, but has also projected a remarkable 
section of the country over which he traveled, from the Indian Ocean : 
to the Atlantic. The heights of places above the sea are determined by 
four Casella’s aneroids, including 3718 observations, and by 70 observations 
of five boiling-point thermometers. The itinerary gives the approximate 
latitude and longitude of all the places visited, and their distances from 
each other ; and by this itinerary, with the observations for height, the 
section sheets have been projected. Cameron also collected a vocabulary 
of the language of interior Africa, comprising fourteen hundred words. 
The vast importance of Cameron’s discoveries, which establish on a 
firm basis the geography of south tropical Africa, cannot be fully appre- 
ciated and understood without a carefully prepared map accompanied 
by a critical commentary, which will be published in our number for 
tch. Meanwhile we may look for the return to this country of the 
great traveler himself, where he will receive a hearty and cordial wel- 
come. 
But Cameron himself has abstained from laying any claim to theoret- 
ical or hypothetical discoveries, and has merely stated facts that have 
come under his observation, and the reports he has collected from Arabs 
and natives. He has never claimed the discovery of the outlet to Lake 
Tanganyika. He has simply described a stream, called the Lukuga, 
which he found to be flowing out of the lake, arid the course of which 
he followed for four miles. He leaves deductions to geographers at 
oma, while he furnishes them with accurate data for forming their con- 
ip It is Burton who has generously called his young successor 
e second discoverer of Tanganyika.” Cameron’s observations are 
more complete than those of any previous traveler, but he speaks with 
characteristic modesty of his discoveries. ‘ As for geographical work,” 
SO dy at have cleared up a lot of mistiness, if not positive darkness ; 
a e work is immense, and ought to be taken in hand thoroughly, and 
ot by desultory expeditions which make their way to one point, and then 
ve to come away with their work unfinished. Fresh men should take 
— work of their predecessors, instead of, as at present, every man 
Re * hunt for his own needle in his own .bundle of hay.” If all 
hints a worked. and observed as Cameron has done, there would be 
Felp to desire. — Extracted from The Geographical Magazine for 
wary. 
