Bo Rig EARS MR ee cae 3 Ue eek ID a el ee ee a oe coe TR Cal ar 
One skelet 
-a flat stone 
1876.] Exploration of a Mound in Utah. 415 
bear distinctive marks by which they can be certainly determined, 
such as corn and pine nuts: and the traces of slowly evaporating 
water clearly indicate its former presence in the appropriate ves- 
sels, which were generally globular in shape with a narrow neck or 
contracted orifice. Household utensils for grinding corn or seeds, 
stone knives and implements for skinning and dressing animals 
for food and for use in converting the skin into leather, stone tips 
for arrows and heads for spears, stone awls or drills for making per- 
forations, stone hammers, celts, axes, grooved stones for smooth- 
ing arrow shafts, stone disks, probably for gambling purposes, 
several flat stones such as are now used by kindred tribes for 
baking, a stone pipe for smoking tobacco or its substitute, and 
avery large number of sharp-pointed bone awls were obtained, 
such as are now in use by many tribes for puncturing holes in 
buckskin for sewing. They are remarkably well preserved and 
did not cramble on exposure ; a result due probably to the previous 
elimination from the bone, by cooking, of all animal matter which 
might promote decomposition. No ornament or other object was 
found which could be referred to a European or other foreign 
ongin. Some rough beads made of shell or bone were all, except 
that in one place a few small flat stone pendants of a greenish-blue 
color, perforated for stringing and made of. the celebrated and 
Tare turquoise or chalchiuitl, were found in connection with a 
skeleton probably of a chief, judging from the more than usual 
“gns of opulence which surrounded him. These trinkets are ob- 
re ble only, so far as is now known, in one locality, namely, the 
Cerillos Mountains in New Mexico. Connected with these were 
Pendants made of the iridescent pearly shell Haliotis, the nearest 
place for obtaining which is the shore of the Pacific Ocean. 
In one stratum of ashes there were discovered some fragments of 
charred textile fabric, very coarse, but unmistakably twisted and 
P ited ; hence we may infer that some other clothing was in use 
besides the buckskin garment. The fibres of which these are 
. could easily be obtained from an agave or a yucca, fibre- 
rng plants, which abound in Utah and Arizona. 
a Series of objects obtained which forces itself most upon the 
pe EN was the collection of earthenware vessels, nearly fifty in 
r. The choicest lot was of seven pieces in connection with 
on, associated with some very neatly made arrowheads, 
Reed + with serrated edge, the turquoise pendants above 
> Pe ornaments, stone drills, bone awls, red paint (for the 
: ); and an exceedingly sharp knife of obsidian. Some of the 
