414 Exploration of a Mound in Utah. [July, 
better forms and finer kinds of pottery were near children’s skele- 
tons. The form, color, and ornamentation of the ware is very 
various, and the latter is often elaborate. Some pieces were 
glazed, that is, if we are to understand by this term that the ves- 
sel has been coated over, after it is shaped in ordinary clay, with 
a finer earthy mixture, which fuses into a kind of glass, making a 
smooth reflecting surface. The addition of an outer coating of 
finer material upon which to impress some kind of ornament can 
be shown also in other instances from Utah and Arizona to be 
very ancient. 
The pottery vessels when extricated from near the interior of 
the dwelling were entire and undefaced, but where they had 
been exposed near the edge or margin to moisture or influence of 
saline efflorescence they were cracked and the glazing had scaled 
off. i | 
The quantity of broken pottery strewn around the environs is 
only a repetition of what may be found in wonderful profusion all 
over the adjoining Territories of Arizona and New Mexico. The 
quality of the ware, the shape, and the uniformly characteristic 
ornamentation declare unmistakably that the tribes which manu- 
factured the articles are now represented by their descendants 
the Moquis, Pimos, and Maricopas living north of the Gila River 
and forming the tribes of Pueblos or settled Indians of that coun- 
try. The immense quantity of this pottery may be well ac- 
counted for by remembering that in such an arid country the 
most urgent and never-ceasing demand was for water to allay 
thirst. To provide for this it was customary to arrange TOWS of 
ollas or water jars of large capacity, sinking them up to their 
necks in the sandy soil so as to check evaporation from the surface, 
and, when opportunity served, to fill them and thus keep a store 
of the precious fluid at hand. Something analogous is seen in the 
rows of capacious jars of similar ware which have been found em- 
bedded in the soil near the ruins of Nineveh, in the Isle of Cyprus, 
and on the site of ancient Troy. Oil or wine or water, all or 
either of them, may have been contained in the latter, but the 
fragments of pottery on these sites are also very numerous and 
similarly accounted for. 
