1876.] Geography and Exploration. 441 
GEOGRAPHY AND EXPLORATION. 
Cameron’s Discoveries IN AFRICA. — Lieutenant Cameron gave 
an account of his walk from Lake Tanganyika to the west coast of the 
continent, at a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, held April 
llth. He said, according to the Geographical Magazine for May, that 
most of the country from the Tanganyika to the west coast is one of 
almost unspeakable richness. There are metals, iron, copper, silver, and 
gold; coal also is found; vegetable products, palm-oil, cotton, nutmegs, 
several sorts of pepper and coffee, all growing wild. The people culti- 
vate several other oil-producing plants, such as ground-nuts and seni 
seni. The Arabs, as far as they have come, have introduced rice, wheat, 
onions, and a few fruit-trees, all of which seem to flourish well. The 
countries of Bihé and Bailunda are sufficiently high above the sea to be 
admirably adapted for European occupation, and would produce what- 
ever may be grown in the south of Europe. The oranges which Señor 
Gonsalves had planted at Bihé, where he had been settled for over 
thirty years, were finer than any I had ever seen in Spain or Italy. He 
also had roses and grapes growing in luxuriance. __ 
The main point of the discoveries I made, I believe to be the connec- 
tion of the Tanganyika with the Congo system. The Lukuga runs out 
of the Tanganyika, and there is no place to which it can run but to 
the Luvwa, which it joins at a short distance below Lake Moero. The 
levels I have taken prove most conclusively that it can have nothing 
whatever to do with the Nile; the river at Nyangwé being between 
1400 and 1500 feet above the sea, while Gondokoro is over 1600 feet. 
And also in the dry season the flow of the Lualaba is about 126,000 
cubic feet per second ; that of the Ganges, which is far larger than the 
being not more than 80,000 cubic feet per second in flood-time, and 
that of the Nile at Gondokoro, below where all the streams unite, is be- 
tween 40,000 and 50,000 feet per second. Many large rivers flow into 
the Lualaba below Nyangwé. 
, There is in the centre of Africa a water-system which might be util- 
ized for commerce, which has no equal upon the face of the globe. Be- 
tween the large affluents of the Congo and the head-waters of the Zam- 
besi, a canal of between twenty and thirty miles across a level, sandy 
plain, would join the two systems, and the River Chambezi, which may 
_ “accepted as the head stream of the Congo, ought to be navigable to 
within two hundred miles of the north of Lake Nyassa. To the east- 
Ward of Lovate ivory is marvelously plentiful. 
The blot upon this fair country is the continuance of the slave trade, 
which is carried on to a great extent, to supply those countries which 
have already had their population depleted by the old coast trade. The 
i ngo and Meta Yafa, are utterly and entirely irresponsi- 
ble, and would give a man leave, for the present of two or three guns, to 
