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1876.] The Ancient Pottery of Colorado, ete. 455 
ten per cent. of all the pottery found) there have been drilled 
small circular holes, which have evidently been made for the 
purpose of tying two or more broken fragments together when 
the vessel has been put to further use. Those perforations show- 
ing a funnel-like shape (as in Plate VII., Figure 2), with concen- 
tric rings, have been formed by the stone “ rimmer” or sharp 
“borer.” And we can see that in the majority of such cases the 
small circular orifice has been sunk from the outside or convex 
surface, as the opening there is larger than where it terminates 
on the interior. 
The earthenware utensils, according to their original forms 
and uses, may be classed under three heads: I. Sepulchral urns. 
Il. Water vessels. III. Food receptacles. 
The first division comprises vessels or ollas without handles, 
for cremation, usually being from ten to fifteen inches in height, 
with broad open mouths, and made of coarse clay with a lami- 
nated exterior (partially or entirely ornamented). Frequently 
the indentations extend simply around the neck or rim, the lower 
Portions being plain. The second class includes jars, vases, jugs, 
pots, dippers, ladles, cups, mugs, saucers, and many other forms 
closely resembling our modern china. The third group consists 
of bowls, basins, and variously shaped dishes. 
Sir John Lubbock, quoting Mr. Bateman’s description,’ says 
of European pottery, “ ‘The urns generally accompany inter- 
ments by cremation, and have either contained, or been inverted 
over, burnt human bones. They are generally of large size;’” 
Sir John Lubbock continues, they are “from ten to sixteen 
inches high, with a deep border, more or less decorated by im- 
Pressions of twisted thongs and incised patterns in which the 
chevron or herring-bone constantly recurs in various combina- 
tions, occasionally relieved by circular punctures, or assuming a 
reticulated appearance. They are all made by hand, no trace 
of the potter’s wheel being ever found on them. They almost 
mvariably have an overhanging rim. The material of which 
they are formed is clay mixed with pebbles, and some of them 
have been described as ‘ sun-dried.’ This, however, appears to 
be altogether a mistake, arising from the imperfect manner in 
Which they are burnt. In color they are generally brown or 
burnt umber outside and black inside.” 
This description of the pottery (burial urns) of Europe will 
apply in every respect, with the one exception of ornamentation, 
to that of the West. 
1 Prehistoric Times, page 165. 
