530 ‘ Cooper’s Helix in Colorado. [ September, 
storm, we crossed over a hill which was literally covered with 
white objects, which I at first supposed to be hail-stones, but 
which I soon perceived were weather-worn shells of this species. 
Hastily dismounting, I scooped together, from a space scarcely 
two feet square, over a pint of them, which I carried back to 
camp for examination. They were so numerous that half a 
bushel could have been raked together without difficulty in a very 
short time, but they seemed to be confined to this particular ele- 
vated mound. All were dead, being in a dry, exposed sit- 
uation, and but few of them were worth preserving. This was 
at an altitude of about 8500 feet, although I have found numbers 
of these shells just below the timber-line on the summits of 
mountains, 11,000 feet above tide water. Such specimens were 
usually more fully developed, although I never found them in a 
living state above 9500 feet. And here I may add that I have 
never discovered a single specimen on the eastern or Atlantic 
slope, and I have yet to see the first sample which was discovered 
there, although I do not assert that H. Cooperi does not occur on 
this side of the Range. 
Along the banks of small streams and springs, in the damp 
sedge and grass, and in shaded spots, I found many, but rarely 
more than a dozen together. All of these latter were in a living 
state, and on extracting the animals from the shells, I found that 
they were viviparous, nearly every one containing about twenty- 
five minute, well-formed shells. In the cañons cleft in the moun- 
tain sides, among the dank underbrush, the most brilliantly col- 
ored specimens were obtained, each being marked with longitudi- 
nal or spiral bands of dark red or brown, varying in number from 
one to five, but usually two. In some instances the entire shells 
were dark, with the exception of a narrow, bright-colored band. 
Through North Park they are abundant, and farther west, 
along the Bear (or Yampa), White, Grand, and Eagle (Piney 
Creek) Rivers. Near the South Branch of White River I discov-. 
ered a locality, on the summit of a high hill, abounding in quar 
tities of a larger variety of this species. The individuals por 
some of them, as large as an average Helix albolabris; but all i 
these were empty, and bleached perfectly white. The nes 
were depressed, and thick and heavy. In the same neighborh 
(as in fact, throughout the most of northwestern Colorado), 
bleached shells are scattered over the surface of the ground 1n 
such quantities that the traveler may pick up, almost any W on 
quarts of them. In particular places the soil is strewn 5° geod 
SSE ree ly Ney ge i Re ee 
