1876.] Former Range of New England Mammais. Til 
well known to have once inhabited the Atlantic States eastward 
to Southern New England. Dr. Emmons recorded it as “ rare H 
in Massachusetts in 1840; Audubon and Bachman speak of it 
as not uncommon in the vicinity of Albany, N. Y., but as rare 
inNew England. Itis explicitly described as an animal of Massa- 
chusetts by some of the early writers, but I have heard of only 
one or two instances of its recent capture in this State. 
At the southward, particularly in Pennsylvania and Virginia, 
the gray fox seems to have been the prevailing species at the time 
of the arrival of Europeans, there being, among the numerous early 
enumerations of the animals of this region, frequent and explicit 
allusions to this species, while the red fox is rarely mentioned. 
Kalm, in speaking of Pennsylvania, says, “ The red foxes are 
very scarce here ; they are entirely the same with the European 
sort. Mr. Bartram and several others assured me that according 
to the unanimous testimony of the Indians this kind of foxes 
never was in this country before the Europeans settled it. But 
of the manner of their coming I have two different accounts. 
Mr. Bartram and several other people were told by the Indians 
that these foxes came into America soon after the arrival of the 
= Europeans, after an extraordinary cold winter, when all the sea 
7 to the northward was frozen; from thence they would infer 
_ Evans and some others assured me t 
, = Was still known by the people. A gentle 
England, who had a great inclination for 
= agreat number of foxes from Europe, an 
territories, that he might be able to in 
unting. This is said to have happened almost at the very be- 
ginning of New England’s being peopled with European inhab- 
itants. These foxes are believed to have 80 multiplied that all 
the red foxes in the country were their offspring. At present 
they are reckoned among the noxious creatures of these gs 
`+. . In Pennsylvania, therefore, there is a reward of ape shil- 
lings for killing an old fox, and of one shilling for kil ing a 
Young one.” 1 Forster, however, in @ foot-note to Kalm’s wo | 
(loc. cit., pages 283, 284) dissents from this theory and pene 
that they reached America from Asia, and cites the ae E 
Modore Behring’s meeting with them when he lande e : 
West coast of America. Professor Baird calls attention to the tac 
anslation, i. 283, 284. 
1 Kalm’s Travels, Forster’s Tr 
