388 



CUPULIFERJE. 



Latin Names. 

 Q. Phellos, L., 1 . 

 Q. imbricaria, Mich , 2 

 Q. aquatica, Cat., 3 . 

 Q. nigra, L., 4 . 

 Q. falcata, Mich., 5 . 

 Q. tinctoria, Bart., 6 

 Q. coccinea, Wang., 7 

 Q. rubra, L., 8 . 

 Q. palustris, D. R., 9 

 Castanea, Tour., 

 C. vesca, L., 10 

 C. pumila, Mich., 11 . 

 *C. nana, Muhl., . 

 Fagns, Tour., 

 F. sylvestris, Mich., 12 

 Corylns, Tour., 

 C. Americana, Walt., 

 Carpinus, L., 

 C. Americana, Mich., 13 

 Ostrya, Mich., 

 0. Virginica, Willd., 



English Names. 



Willow oak, . 



Laurel or shingle-oak, 



Water oak, 



Black-Jack oak, 



Spanish oak, . 



Black oak, Quercitron, 



Scarlet oak, . 



Red oak, 



Pin oak, 



Chestnut. 

 u 



Chinquapin, . 



Dwarf Chinquapin, 



Beech. 



White Beech, . 



Hazel-nut. 

 u 



Hornbeam. 

 u 



Iron wood. 



Geolog'l Station. 

 Alluvial, . 

 Limestone, 

 Alluvial, sandy, 

 Sand and lime, . 

 Sandstone, 

 Sand and lime, . 



Alluvial, . 

 Sandstone & chert, 



Natural Habitat. 

 Bottoms in marshy places. 

 Banks and high bottoms. 

 Bottoms and flats. 

 Barren. 



Dry sandy plains & ridges. 

 Plains and ridges. 

 Hills and rich woods. 

 Rocky woods, creeks, &c. 

 Low ground, borders of 

 [swamps & prairies. 

 Rocky hills (rare). 



" (common). 

 Hills of Arkansas River. 



Alluvial & tertiary, Washita River and South- 

 ward. 

 . Thickets around prairies. 



Sandy, 

 Limestone, 



Banks and creeks. 



i Abounds from Hurricane Creek southward, in all the swampy bottoms and flats, where it bears 

 abundance of acorns. Wood reddish, coarse-grained, porous, not much used. 



2 Pretty rare in Arkansas. Wood hard, heavy, fit for fuel only. Has been used for shingles. 

 (Michaux.) 



3 It ranges from Sebastian County, or rather from Fort Smith to Memphis, or from this parallel 

 southward. I did not see it north of this line. The tree becomes of good size, more than fifty to sixty 

 feet high. Its leaves are extremely variable, showing all possible forms between the Willow and the 

 Post-oak leaves, even sometimes cut and spiny. Wood very tough (says Michaux), but less durable and 

 less estimated by carpenters and wheelwrights than that of the White Oak. 



4 A small crooked tree. Wood compact, coarse-grained, good for fuel. 



5 Becomes a large tree in deep sandstone soil. In barren sandstone it is mostly stunted, and pass to 

 Quercus trideiitata, Engl. Wood less durable, and less estimated than that of the White Oak. Bark 

 preferable for tanning 



6 A large tree, with reddish, strong, durable wood. The Quercitron is a yellow coloring matter, 

 obtained from the cellular or inner bark of this tree. 



• Grows with the former species. Wood not as good. Used for staves. Poor for fuel. It is easily 

 distinguished from the next by its scaly acorns. 



8 It likes limestone and lime soil ; very common in Arkansas, and found at various stations. Easily 

 distinguished by its large acorns and flat shallow cup. Wood reddish, strong, porous, not very valuable. 

 Bark used for tanning. 



9 The foliage is most like that of the former ; but its acorn is globular, and scarcely half as long. 

 Wood strong, tenacious, not durable. Used for staves. 



10 I did not see in Arkansas a tree of good size of this species, but only shrubby. Wood strong, elastic, 

 durable, good for posts, &c. 



11 The Chinquapin is more common in Arkansas than the Chestnut. Its wood is still stronger and 

 more compact. 



12 Becomes of enormous size in the bottoms in rich deep soil, not too wet. Wood too hard and too 

 heavy for timber, but very good for fuel. 



13 A slender tree like the next, with white, compact, hard wood. Both this and next species have also 

 the same kind of wood, and are generally known under the name of Iron-wood. Its fruit is inclosed in 

 a ring of loose catkin, while that of the next species has the seed enveloped and bordered with a leaflike, 

 cut calyx. 



