444 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



LJanuaky 6, 18«1. 



thai, an equitable system of legislation can be made concern- 

 ing close seasons, the sixe of fish to be caught, the enforced 

 use of iishways, regulations pertaining to the pollution of 

 •waters, etc 



The season of 1878 proved to be the most productive, ao 

 far, in the history of the IT. S. salmon-breeding ranch on the 

 McCloud River, California, the superintendent, Mr. Stone, 

 esliniflting that 18,000,000 eggs could hnvc been secured if 

 they had been required, but the taka was limited to the num- 

 ber applied for by the State Commissioners and others. The 

 first eggs wore taken August 30, and from that dale until 

 October 5, when the last car was loaded, the men were very 

 busy, from seven to nine thousand salmon were several limes 

 taken in a single day, and two cars were loaded with eggs, 

 one with 4,000,000 and the other with 3,250,000, while 3,500,- 

 000 were hatched and planted in the river. Mr. Stone also 

 hatched 1,203,000 at the Olakamas station, on the river of 

 that name, which is tributary to ths Columbia, and turned 

 them out there. 



Of the station forhatchingtho Atlantic salmon at Bucksport, 

 Me., in charge of Mr. Atldns, it ig recordod tliat each fish, after 

 being stripped, is labelled by a metallic tag with an identify- 

 ing number upon it, which is recorded with the date of cap- 

 lure, weight before spawning, weight of eggs taken, etc. 

 Mr. Atkins has in several instances captured these fish a 

 second time. One instance is as follows; No. 768, stripped 

 on Nov. 1, 1870, weiglied 21 lbs. 7 oz,, and yielded G lbs. 

 7 oz. of eggs i when Itirned back it weighed l'> lbs. The 

 same fish was recaptured at Lincolnville, Me., June 14, 

 1877, weighing 26 lbs. Another fish. No. 1,010, which, on 

 the 9th of Nov., 1375, weighed 18 lbs. 2 oz., had 4 lbs. 10 oz. 

 of eggs, and when dismissed weighed 13^ lbs., was retaken. 

 JimelS, 1877, weighing SO^lbs., showing an increase of l^ 

 lbs. in two years. Very encouraging reports of increa.sod 

 - catches oJ" sahnon in Maine rivers have been received, and large 

 numbers have gone up the flshway at Lowell. The winni- 

 nish, called also " schoodic " and " land locked salmon," has 

 also been bred in limited quantities by Jlr. Atkins at Grand 

 Lake Stream, Me., for the General Government in connec- 

 tion with the States of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hamp- 

 shire and Connecticut, a total number of eggs taken and dis- 

 tributed being 1,723,000, the parents being returned to the 

 water miinjurcd. 



There was also good success with whitefish (fioregonns) by 

 Mr. Clark, and with shad by ISIeasrs. Milner and Ferguson 

 aU the particulars of these, as with the salmon and other 

 fishes, being found in special papers, by those iji charge of the 

 work, in the appendices. 



Experiments at Gloucester, Mass., on the sea hening were 

 satisfactorily conducted by Mr. Clark,- also at Nomau's 

 Land by Mr. Vinal Edwards, so that it has been demonstrated 

 that it is possible to increase this fish if thought necessary. 

 The carp receives attention, of course, Ijut our readers are 

 familiar wath the details of the propagation of this most 

 vaiualjki fish down to a later period than the report ti'eats of. 

 The modes of increasing the supply of tisli frmd are de- 

 tailed ; the history of fish culture, from tin- disL-oveiies of 

 Remy and Gehiu in France to Qarlick and Aekley in Ameri- 

 ca, and the appointment of the Fish State Commissioners is 

 glanced at, and the improved methods hinted at as subjects 

 for future report. The appendices contain: "A List of 

 Patents Issued in the United States, Great Britain and 

 Canada, up to the end of 1878, Relating to Fish and the 

 Methods, Products and Applications of the Fisheries." This 

 includes fish hooks, fish traps, fisliways, floats, harpoons and 

 spears, nets and seines, oyster culture, pisciculture, reels, 

 rods and sinkers, preservation of fish, paralyzing by electrici- 

 ty and manures, some of which are illustrated Ijy figures. 

 "Report on the Department of Fisheries in the World's Ex- 

 position in Philadelphia, 1876," by Joakim Andersen, 

 translated from the Norwegian by E. Jacobson. ' ' Report on 

 the American Fisheries," by Frederick M.AVallem of Norway. 

 " A Short Introduction to the Froper Care and Jlanagement 

 of the Baltic Fisheiy," by H. Widegriu, of Norway. "The 

 Salt Water Fisheries of Bohuslaen and the Scientific Investi- 

 gations of the Salt Water Fisheries," by A.vel Vilhelm Ljra:g- 

 man, of Sweden. "The Great Boliuslacn Herring Fisher- 

 ies," by the same. "The'Society for Promoting the Norwe- 

 gian Fisheries," from the Berfieiuposten, & daily newspaper 

 at Bergen, Norway. "Statistics of the Loffoden Fisheries 

 for 1878," from the oflicial report of the Superintendent. 

 " Report on the Norwegian Dccp-Sea Expedition of 1878," 

 by Prof. G. O. Sars. "On the Scientific Investigation of 

 the Baltic Sea and the German Ocean," by G. Karsteii, trans- 

 lated by Dr. Oscar Loew. 



Appendix E opens with a " Report on the Marine Isopoda 

 of New England and Adjacent Waters," by Oscar Harger, 

 which, with list of authorities quoted, covers VA pages and 

 is embelliBhed with 91 figures. "Report on the Pycnogonida 

 of New England and Adjacent Waters," by Edmund B. AVil- 

 son, 42 pages and 43 figures. Appendix E has "The Ene- 

 mies of Fish," by Btiron de la Valette St. George, Professor 

 of Anatomy and Director of the Anatomical Institute at 

 Bonn, which was read before the German Fishery Associa- 

 tion, Berlin. " The Purification of Refuse Water," by E. 

 Reicliardt, of Jena. "Notes on the Fungus Disease Afiect- 

 ing Salmon," by A. B. Stirling, Assistant Conservator of the 

 Anatomical Museum of Dublin ; also " Additional Observa- 

 lions on the Fungtis Disease Affecting Salmon and Other 

 Fish," by the same. "Sickness of the Gold Fish in tlie 

 Royal Park, Berlin," from the DmUohe Fieherei Zeituiig, 



Stettin. "The Economic Value of the Norwegian Lalies 

 and Rivers as a Field for Pish Culture," by N. Wergeland, of 

 Norway. "What Does a Fish Cost," by Christian Wagner. 

 Aijpendix 6 has " The Propagation and Distribution of 

 Shadui 1878," by James W. Milner. "Biological Observa- 

 tions made diu-jng the Artificial Rai.sing of Herrmgs in the 

 Western Baltic," by Dr. H. A. Meyer. "The Propagation 

 and Growth of the Herring and Small-Herring, with Special 

 Regard to the Coast of Bohuslan," by A, V. Ijjungmnu. 

 " The Introduction and Culture of the Carp in California," 

 by Robert A. Poppe. "On Carp Cidture, Chiefly in its Re- 



lation to Agricultur 

 of the Pru.ssian 

 Carp Ponds of jN'i 

 "The Carp Fisli 

 paper. " Mr. C!i 

 Gold Fish, at Ol 



nditten, read at a meeting 

 n at Elbing. "On tlie 



Dr. Ediji. Veckcnstcdt. 



lenlit 



1 Way 

 S, Ge: 



THE LOG OF THE FAVORITE. 

 Steamer Pavoeitk, 



.} 



tunff. "A Report on the History and Present Cimdition of 

 the Shore Cod Fisheries of Cape Ann, Ma.ss., together with 

 Notes on tlie Nntura.l History and Artificial Propagation of 

 the Species," by R. E. Earll. "Report of Op- 

 erations at the United States Salmon Hatching 

 Station on the McCloud River, California in 187S 

 bj Livmgston Stone " Rtpoit on an Attempt to Collei t E„,gs 

 of Sebago Salmon in 1878," 1)^ ( hiur s G Vil^mn luport 

 on the Collection ami Distrilml ion otSfhoodir S ilmou*E__',m 

 lS7ii-'79," by the same ' Do the ^pa\sniUj,Saliaon Vstend 

 uig the biicumento River all (bt \\ithout ictmmn^ to "^t i 

 by Honcr D Duan, with uottsliy In ingston Stone Pics 

 ent Stage of the "Salmon Expcnnifnt in Ta'-manii " b^ Moi- 

 ton AUpoit " rojif=iiKiii<li IK ( Connrclcd with the Trans 

 mission of Eggs of the (,;iiinii u >> Um<m uidT\ lutpfish to Aus 

 trilia and New 7i il md 1^77 1'<^n m<\ prior jciis" 

 CoiTtSpomlenti Coninft(d\Mllit!u ii msraisMi iiotthePcs 

 of the IJmnnat S ilmon md mht i S///w nnin to Era opt m 

 CnuntrRS in Jbr'i ind pioi m itn Summan of Rcpoits 



foils;*- bi htate Fi liCommisMom is J{t spri tmg the Increase 

 ofFiodli.K 1 ^ Aitifidd Pio])uamn " Cheap Fix luies 

 lor tin Hitiliin.'ot Silmon h^ fhailcs G Atkms, illus 

 , trilLU NMlli 1^ eut Hid i|i'iindi\n, "On the Natme of 

 tht Pirn' 11 ftddenin. it SiUed Codfish during the .Suinim I 

 Season," h^ ^^ (, I irlow M 1) 



It will be ^cen th it i vai u t\ ot subjects are treated of in 

 the ippendu c- ^\birli to do justice to would require them to 

 111 piinl< d fiitirt, but as ill who I dv( espcci d interest in 

 (111 e m jtttrs will oI)t un th( \obimo and lead the portions 

 which mteiest them, wc forbear giving more than the titles 

 of the papers, hoping to refei to some of them again from 

 time to time. 



Wheeb We Stand. — ^For reasons, which seemed to us 

 good and suflicient, we decliuod to publish a communication 

 from Mr. J\L P. McKoon, of Franklin, N. Y. Having so 

 informed that gentleman, wo are now in receipt of a letter 

 from him, wldch contains the following extraordinary sen- 

 tences : 



Kow you doubtless know gomeflnng of my flnauoial oiroumatau- 

 ccK, and how I became heir to my property, etc., snd that I am not 

 breeding dogs for a liyiiig by a loiifj v.iiyB. Xo\\, T have .Til.OOO 

 looae lit presenr. and iinn' if needed, to spend in defeuae of oiu- 



brcitV. ' '"'■ i"t^i-iii tbi,* matter, and iiut bother mc mucli 



eitJi. . •, „-,/iJiib:i=h tbib tetter of mine I shall of 



com • ■ aiitv lo exi.ose von tbrouglitbe other ,si-)orts- 



man in tkn i- 1 t^liaU make a clean expod- 



ure of the k-,'; ■ a lir.-il started. Now I cei'- 



tniTi^'- ^^' ' I a|iuo yon iu the matter, and 



upi 1 1 am cei-taui you will publish 



tlie ,1 at ail. 



Mv.. J\lol\v'io; iiir] tiircatenea the Forest and Stream. 

 We do not know anything about that gentleman person- 

 ally, nor are wc specially interested in his Ibiaiiilal circnin- 

 stances. It is, however, evident that he is : i 



ble and disposed to jump at oonclusioiiB. ■- 

 on consideration he wiU see that, in writin^i i j i; 



done a most foolish thing. Other people have.onoe or twice 

 tried thi'eatening Forest asd Stbbaw, and have discovered 

 after a little while, somewhat to theu" surprise, that they had 

 got hold of the wrong end of the Stick. They found, when 

 they attempted to coerce us by this means, that m'C did not 

 scare; that when we believed we were right wc would go 

 ahead in our course whether it pleased the parties inteiesltal 

 or not. They found, in short, that the Forest .vxd .Stream 

 was being managed in the interests of sportsmen, man-fash- 

 ion, and not merely in a politic way to try to curry favor 

 with and cringe to everybody that chose to find fault with it. 

 The FoEBST AND Strb.\m is not to be dictated to. Its 

 com-se is directed by an earnest desire to serve the best 

 interests of the sportsmen of this country, and from this 

 course it cannot be turned. 



We have none but the kindest of feelings for Mr. McKoon, 

 and wearcuotparticulariy disturbed by bis threats. We would 

 suggest, however, that it would be well for him to cousidcr 

 Whether in attempting to dictate what shall appear in our 

 columns he has not, in the rugged but forcible language of 

 the Persian Sage, "bitten off more tlian he cun chow." 



The letter will not be published. 



* "Sebago sahnou." "Sohoodio salmon" and " Land-loclted 

 Halmoii " refer to one fish, aleo called " Wininiah," or Oiiinuiiflh, 

 a^ some spell it. It is now called Salmo solar var. S^ago by 



ietbyologistH, 



iiek 



hullo. 



lu pi, , m, piontahle 



oil I IS the locutions oi these 



id inlets 



i np n magnificent scencu 



1 iiM I ithei Ferouso and 



I I I I I innc their 



1 t.Hll bills 



CUATHAM .' 



IN nivlust, from 7' 

 such extracts fr . 

 tious, should seem mij- 1 .i ,_ -'■■■■■ i i i - ii, •.o my For- 

 est AND Stream friends. 



While still in the midst of the grand scenery and novel 

 surroundings, which have during the last ten days furnished 

 to me more new sensations than I had thought could ever- 

 again come to me, I will start the redemption of the 

 promise, I find myself embarrassed at starting, with riches. 

 and imdecided whether to leave the present" for a future 

 description, and, beginning systematically witli my uotes, 

 avoid the risk of tiiutology, or to let the notes lie idle 

 for a bit and trust to my suiroundings for inspiration. 

 For nearly a fortnight J have been cruising about in but 

 slightly known waters, and havi been enjoying the pleasures 

 winch are incidental to the exiiloration of hitherto almost, 

 and in some cases, quite unknown country. I have steamed 

 for miles into great bays, where by the charts dry land ap- 

 pears, and have tramped the beaches of islands and bayous, 

 where, but for the knowledge thus obtained, I should have 

 been ju&tiflcd in considcrm.^ th it no 1 md , mmi d 



I hive beenin pleasant and fi luidU k ul n I i, itli Irita 

 Indims, who, but a short time im ( \ i n siijiji i e 1 io l,f 

 sate to ^entuie among md lii\i msuihm^ il,,ii cu i 

 emiilojednn tiuippleViuth ■^\bili onihulio,. .phe 

 with sp\tant md couipis In^ 

 bj seeming for the futmc use o 

 bays and islands shoals, rotfs i 



I have gazed until fairlv sati it( i 

 m ide up of ^u it mount un^ m b 

 Crillon all o%ci liftcen tin n 

 (tern ilh snow t r<iv.ni d hr i 

 which aic m )sl jusih mm 

 tan 11 uh theUnrmsb ihon/ .1.1 i i ii i n usaiiil ki 

 ibo^e Ibf s( i upon gluKis ot Ibe most ni ijestie jjmpoi 

 ti us md ot he Mltleimg vnKt\ of form md lim md upon 

 grcit iLbbeigswhiib Ixcomm., detiebtd ficmi the advanced 

 foot of these glacier- diopintollu si i md „o sob ninh diitt 

 iDg to and fro viith eaih ehm_i r| lidi hemmed m by 

 the precipitous shores of ( loss s luml md b > struts upon 

 ■whose bcTihcb in cirtam ln^s ibij st, p u times to k -t at 

 high tide, and remain there slowh Melrlm., to the influ 

 of the sun s r i\ suntd, with the di ns( .,rei n b ick _round ol its 

 fniesf, thejrestinblf espetiulh b\ moonlight utlts ol turned 

 marble palaci s 



But for th( se glaciers « e ot the P i\ orite would have been 

 unquestionabl\ thediscnveriis is well is explorers and survej 

 ors of unknown bijs, but thi v bid eh iwn ti thi ii \i( inili > 

 that mights Nimrod m „1 u ler huiituu Piolis i ]iilmT\ia 

 ol whose pii Mous visit to and oojoiun amunj. tbi ui ii\LT<>, 

 the Indians told us 



A visit to this strange country would be worth all it would 

 cost to those who haveaheady exhausted the lesources neaiea 

 home. 



At times the sensations are decidedly exciting, for instance ; 

 when from two or three directions at once great icebergs [ 

 come driftuig toward you, and the problem which way to i 

 steer presents itself; for of the two, in case of collision, the 

 berg would be sure io get the best of it, aiiel rcadiing as the}' 

 do far below the smtacc, and in dilVcrent depths, "they are ■ 

 affected by eddies and currents, which present no siirfuc'e in- 

 dications. Then shoal water is the refuge,' for the least of the i 

 dangerous bergs wotfld groimd sooner than our little steamer. 



Until very lately the interior of Alaska has been a " terra 

 incognita," Spasmodic attempts have been made by mis- 

 sionaries, miners and trsulers to eflect an entry, but all have 

 returned disgusted by failure. Along the coast are bays and 

 harbors occupied by villages and hamlets of warlike coast 

 tribes who have for ages claimed as their right — to be main- 

 a, if necessary, by force of arms— the" trade with the 



and -s 



fiir-liearing animals, 

 irobased for oil, dried 

 nd dry goods as they 

 bite traders to wliom 



tribes (the Slicksj who inhabit the 

 diislrv consists in the captma; of the 

 w-tiosc pelts arc by the coast Indians, p 

 fish, and a portion of such groceries ; 

 may obtain, or e.xpect to, from ilic \ 

 they sell diem. 



These tribes, the Hoo-nahs, Takus, Sum-dums, Kootz- 

 noos, Chilcats auei Chilcoots, liave stood sentrv over the por- 

 tals, and "thus far shall thou come and no fiirlber " was the 

 rule, and tlia coniin;;- thus far w.is altrmled bv dinieiilties 

 and dangers -ivhich deterred all but Ibe most enterprising juid 



ii;: j: Ii-. But this State of affairs has, I trust, been perma- 

 ii ged for the better — better for the whites and the 

 II . h' doors have been opened, and at this date miners 

 ai.d ii,,jt:pectors arc distributed throughout the country 

 searching for precious metals, wbicli rumor has asserted were 

 to be found there. jMissionaries are \voikiug their way in, 

 establishing scbnols at each emtpost to wliicir Ibe Indian pa- 

 rents gladly send their cbilcben, and a small unarmed trading 

 steamer cruises about in perfect safety and is welcomed at 

 each \illuie as a returned friend. To tlic traders, however, 

 the welcouie reaches no further than to the door. 



The Indians of the coast arC not deficient in shi'ewdness, 

 and tlu-y fiiUv appreciate the value of a monojiol}'. 



I'll begin tiiat log : 



SiTK,\, August 14, 1880. 



Reports that the Sim-Sims, who are Enudisb Indians from 

 Port Simpson, were trcspa.s.sing uiJeai the sea-otter hunting 

 grounds of the Hoo-nahs.iwhoai-e Alaska Indians, and that a 

 war iKn^yeen the two trilies was immineul : also that ttuough- 

 oul the inland waters illeijal frallic in .spirits anei iirearnis was 

 taking place, and nio'ii ^:i.,ii /riinj going on, and that at vari- 

 ous loealitiCB on the ■ mibles were springing up, 

 which vigorous si 1;, but which, if "allowed 

 to increase, would ii i!3^the safetj' of the few 

 whites who are strolling alioiit jMaska, induced Major Monis 

 and myself to pay a visit to these various places and give to 

 the Indians a little advice and instruction, which, if heeded, 

 would Tgreatly decrease the dangers to the pioneers, and 

 would serve also the interests of the Government. 



The only means of tTansportation that we could obtain was 

 the Favorite, wtuch little steamer I described in my last. At 

 10 A. M. of the I4th, with flags and pennant proclaiming her 

 new character, and amid the cheers of the male and handker- 

 chief salutes of the female population, the Favorite steamed 

 out of Silica harbor on a mission which to every one in Sitka 

 was of greatest importance. The weather was bright, but 

 darkened aii we passed through Olga andNevski Straits, and 



