WILD KALEEGE HYBRIDS 95 
The wings are quite conservative and are usually wholly juvenile. A slight advance 
is sometimes seen in the form of a well-marked sub-terminal band, extending entirely 
around the visible margin, with a terminal band of buff. This gives the wing a very 
elegant appearance, the monochrome of vermiculated rufous brown broken by the 
distinct outlining of each feather. In such a wing the adventitious growth of a second- 
ary presents a startling intrusion of black and white, developed, curiously enough, only 
on the visible portion, the remainder of the feather being quite juvenile. 
The tail is perhaps the most variable factor of all, and hardly any two birds have it 
alike. The central rectrices in particular vary from warm buff, everywhere thickly 
vermiculated with wavy, dark brown lines, to the other extreme, which is pure white, 
with thick, wavy, oblique, black lines on the outer web, the inner being white except for 
a few linear mottlings near the shaft. 
Whatever the condition of the inner rectrices, the outer are invariably more juvenile, 
more tinged with brown, the outer pair being sometimes quite rufous and brown, thus 
reflecting vividly the gradual moult from the outside inward. 
Two or three immature males which have acquired adult tails show as much 
variation as exists in fully adult birds; from an excess of black banding over all the 
feathers to the excess of pure white over the inner webs of the central pairs. So this is 
wholly zzdividual variation. 
In birds acquiring the full adult moult, the numbers of concentric black lines on 
the dorsal plumage, in number and variability, correspond exactly with those in the 
adult bird. 
The young birds show all shades of feet and legs, from pale brown through flesh 
colour to deep rich scarlet. 
ApuLT FEMALE.—Upper parts brownish buff, everywhere very faintly mottled with 
darker. Feathers of rear crown and occiput rather more mottled and elongated into a 
crest. Wings the same, becoming a shade more rufous on the secondaries. Primaries 
plain dark brown on the inner webs. Rectrices present considerable variation, some 
with the lateral feathers showing much more contrasted markings than others. In the 
more common type the central rectrices have a ground-colour of pale buff, finely 
vermiculated with datk brown, while as we proceed outward, the feathers increase in 
intensity of rufous colouring, and the markings become less alike on the two webs, 
the outer webs being mottled, the inner obliquely banded with pale buff, these markings 
being indistinctly outlined in black. 
Chin and throat white, the feathers posteriorly with a rapidly increasing central 
spot and margin of brown, until on the breast the white is reduced to one or two con- 
centric rings. This pattern, but with considerable variation, covers the entire ventral 
surface. From two to four buffy-white and dark-brown concentric rings or oblique 
cross-bars show all variations, from a rarer pattern of very regular, concentric markings 
to the more usual appearance of broken, spotted, irregular cross-bands. This is wholly 
individual. 
In well-authenticated skins I find none of the radically characteristic homogeneous 
types of females which have been accredited to these and related so-called species of the 
group. The females of typical sarpez near the Ruby Mines district are most assuredly 
