INDIAN PEAFOWL 189 



The only differences other than colour which have been observed is an apparent 

 constant difference in the overlapping of the median wing-coverts and in the 

 specialization of the upper tracheal rings. 



Adult Female. — Top of head, side and hind neck rufous with whitish tips on 

 the crown and metallic bronze on the hind neck. All the rest of the head, neck 

 and entire under surface dirty white, many of the ventral feathers with dusky shaft- 

 streaks. Below the area of rufous on the upper hind neck the metallic tips become 

 larger and change to green, but soon disappear altogether. 



The entire upper surface is white, thickly grizzled and mottled with dusky brown, 

 this colour dying out on the outer and on the longest wing-coverts, and becoming 

 darkest and heaviest on the rump and upper tail-coverts. The margins are rather 

 clear white, revealing the contours of the feathers. The longest coverts, tertiaries 

 and inner secondaries are white on the outer and heavily mottled on the inner web. 

 The dark pigment on the flight feathers increases as we go outward, until the outer- 

 most feathers are heavily marked on the outer webs and almost solid dark brown 

 on the inner and along the shaft of the outer webs. 



The primaries are rufous, with dark mottling along the shaft and over the outer 

 webs. The tail-coverts are pure white with a broad, tapering, dark brown shaft- 

 streak. The rectrices are brownish black with diffuse paler mottling along the 

 margins toward the base of the feathers. 



The crest is dull rufous with more or less of a slight metallic sheen here 

 and there. 



Chick in Down. — Silky, pale, creamy white down all over. Bill and legs pale 

 flesh colour. 



Juvenile Plumage. — Mantle and rump clouded with dusky; back buffy. 

 Scapulars and lesser coverts buffy white more or less clouded with darker. Flight 

 feathers creamy white at tip becoming dusky toward the base, with a narrow dark 

 shaft-stripe and mottling on inner web. Tail-feathers similar. At the second 

 annual moult the males come into almost full colour except for the train. 



SYNONYMY 



Pavo cristatus Linn. S.N. L 1766, p. 267 ; Gm. S.N. I. pt. IL 1788, p. 729; Lalham, Ind. Orn. IL 1790, 

 p. 616; Bonnat, Tabl. Encycl. Meth. \. 1791, p. 176; Hayes, Osterl. Menag. 1794, p. 99, pi. 99; Pallas, Zoogr. 

 Rosso-Asiat. II. 181 1, p. 93; Temminck, Pig. et Gall. II. 1813, p. 26; III. 1815, p. 650; Cuvier, Reg. Anim. I. 

 1817, p. 438 ; Vieillot, N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXIV. 1818, p. 473 ; Cuvier, Reg. Anim. I. 1829, p. 473 ; Griff., ed. 

 Cuv. III. 1829, p. 12 ; Giierin-Meneville, Icon. Reg, Anim., Ois. 1829-38, p. 25, pi. 40, fig. i ; Vig., in Raffl. Mem. 

 1830, p. 676 [Sumatra]; Less, Traite d'Orn. 1831, p. 486, pi. 82, fig. i ; Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 151 

 [Deccan] ; Gray, List of Birds, pt. III. Gall. 1844, p. 22 ; BIyth, Cat. Mus. As. Soc. 1849, p. 239 ; Layard, Ann. Mag. 

 Nat. Hist. (2), XIV. 1854, p. 62 [Ceylon] ; Burgess, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 29 ; Hadfield, Zoologist, XV, 

 1857, p. 5747; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 498 [Punjab] ; Irby, Ibis, 1S61, p. 234 [Oudh and Kumaon] ; 

 Jerdon, B. Ind. III. 1863, p. 506; Sclater, List of Phas. 1863, p. 11 ; Fitz, Atl. Nat. Vog. 1864, fig. 224; BIyth, 

 Ibis, 1867, p. 151 ; Gray, List Gallinae Brit. Mus. 1867, p. 22; Beavan, Ibis, 1868, p. 379; Melliss, Ibis, 1870, p. 

 103 [St. Helena]; Gray, Hand-list Birds II. 1870, p. 256; Elwes, Ibis, 1870, p. 528 [Cardamum Hil's] ; Hoeker, 

 Jour. flir. Orn. 1870, p. 152 [P. cristatus X Numida] ; Anderson, Zoologist (2) VI. 187 1, p. 2786 [nesting in vulture's 

 nest]; Holdsw. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 467 [Ceylon]; Elliot, Mon. Phas. I. 1872, pi. 3; Hume, N. and E. Ind. 

 Birds, 1873, p. 516; Adam, Stray Feathers, I. 1873, p. 392 [Sambhur] ; Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 415 [Kattiavvar] ; 

 Hume, Stray Feathers, II. 1S74, p. 276 [Ross I., Andamans] ; Ball, Stray Feathers, II. 1874, p. 426 [Chota Nagpur] ; 



