FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Mabch 4 1880. 



INFLUENCE OF PREVIOUS SIRES. 



Blacksbtjrci, Va., leb.-Hth. 



Editor Forest and Stream : — 



A correspondent asks "Are the whelps of a pure setter 

 bitch by a pure setter dog, pure setters, provided the bitch 

 bad a litter formerly by a bull dog," and you say no. I am 

 aware of all that has been writen on this point by able au- 

 thors, and yet I doubt it. I speak from experience, for 

 I have been looking for a case of transmitted influence 

 of a former sire for inore than thirty years, and have 

 not found one. In an extensive experience as a medi- 

 cal practitioner, I have examined the children of a 

 large number of women by second marriages, and 

 uever saw anything more than a mere fanciful resem- 

 blance to the former husband in moral, mental or phy- 

 sical traits. I have had bettors for many yean,, and 

 very often bred setter bitches alternately to pointer and 

 setter dogs, finding the so-called droppers the best field 

 dogs, but never saw any case of the influence of a for- 

 mer sire in any of the "many litters so bred. My ex- 

 perience with fox hounds has been greater, with the 

 same result. I have examined the foals of some, thou- 

 sands of mares bred alternately to jacks and stallions 

 to see if I could find any traces of the former sire, but 

 entirely without success. * I have also made extensive ex- 

 aminations of cattle, sheep and swine, and have made 

 experiments to see if I could produce any such thing. 

 I have done the same with chickens, cats and other 

 animals. Now, therefore, unless such cases were ex- 

 cessively rare, I think I ought to have hit upon one 

 in thirty years' observations. I have examined all the 

 cases which form the stock in trade of authors, and 

 thero is scarcely one of them that does not admit 

 of explanation as a common case of atavism, for little 

 or nothing is pretended to be known of the ancestors 

 of the animals in either male or female line. I find no 

 such cases where there is a pedigree of authentic charac- 

 ter. As to Mr. Darwin's pangenesis hypothesis, it seems to 

 me to be the most extravagant and extraordinary of all 

 recorded hypotheses. If Prof. Agassiz had not written 

 anything on the question, I would look upon the whole 

 thing as moonshine. The facts brought forward by 

 that great naturalist go to show that in the lower ani- 

 mals an individual may in a certain sense have two or 

 more fathers, for in them ova may apparently be partially 

 impregnated in a very immature state of development. 

 For instance, the father which impregnates the ova 

 which produce one litter, say of guinea pigs, may at 

 the same time partially impregnate those which form the 

 crop for the next litter, and they, being fully fertilized sub- 

 sequently by another male, and then they oimg produced 

 having two fathers are as apt to be like one as the other. 

 But in highor animals, where far longer intervals elapse 

 between the successive ovulations, the chances of such a 

 tiling are vastly lessened. I speak from very ample ex- 

 perience, however, and regardless of all theories, when 1 

 advise that no one shall give up breeding from a valu- 

 able setter bitch which may have been unfortunately im- 

 pregnated by a dog of another breed, 



M. G. Ellzey. 

 ? You will see we say below to A. W. B. that "it is a nat- 

 ural tendency, not an absolute law." Your negative ex- 

 perience does not disprove the positive experience of 

 other reliable observers, nor have we said that this nat- 

 ural tendency extends to other classes of animals than 

 those which have their progeny in litters. There is no 

 reliable evidence that it applies to the human race. 



Boston, Mass., Feb. IGth. 

 Editor Forest and Stream :— 



In your issue of Jan. 29, X Y Z asks : "I have, a pointer 

 bitch three years old ; has been bred two or three times 

 to a No. 1 pointer ; is now in whelp to an English setter. 

 Will this cross affect her future progeny, and in what 

 way .-" Your answer to him, and also to B., Concord, is : 

 "Not necessarily so, but it is not positive that it will not 

 affect her future progeny. Should the bitch have been 

 bred in the first instance to a setter there would have 

 been indications of the cross ever afterwards.' Now, 

 for the benefit of the above persons, I should like to re- 

 late my experience in the same subject. On the 17th of 

 October, 1877, I had a St. Bernard bitch accidentally 

 covered by a Newfoundland dog, and as it was her first 

 heat I supposed that she would in her future progeny show 

 the cross. When she whelped she was dam to seven as 

 black puppies as I ever saw. Words were inadequate to 

 express my disgust, but I thought I would try again, 

 and watch" the result. July 4th, 1878, she whelped, the 

 «ire being a thoroughbred St. Bernard dog, and as fine a 

 litter of puppies as I ever saw. I have since bred several 

 litters, and never saw the slightest indication that she 

 was ever cross-bred. I have also seen several crosses 

 when it showed itself in the next fitter, but not in the 

 third. A. W, B, 



We should have said there probably would have been 

 indications of a cross ever afterwards. It is a natural 

 tendency, not an absolute law. 



—Mr. Robinson, of the N.Y.N. H. &H. Railroad, has a 

 very fine pug, which, having been picked up on the Lon- 

 don streets, was brought over to America by Cap*. Qosb, 

 of the Condantine. Pugg} 1 , who richly merits a more 

 dignified name, has all the points of the finest pug strain, 

 is really a handsome animal, and, we understand, will be 

 entered at the coming New York Show, 

 » 



L.uic.e Importation of Dogs.— Mr. A, H. Moore, of 

 Philadelphia, intends sending a large string of entries to 

 the New ^i ork show. Mr. M. has coming over from the 

 other side seventeen or eighteen dogs— pointer: -,i ,- 

 etc. It is to be hoped that these will reach here m season 

 to be exhibited. ^ 



Tup I JEiti-.Y.— Remember, entries for the National 

 Amerioan Kennel Club yield Trial Derby close April 1st. 

 Puppies born on or after April 1st, 1879, are eligible, 



MONTCLAIR mmr.—Alontelair, N. J.. Feb. 2m..— The 

 Montelair Hunt, of Montclair, N. J., are about to send to 



England for another importation of beagles, They breed 

 only from thoroughbred stock. 



Names CLAIMED, — Viatoriai— Miss Julia Wvgant, of 

 PeekskiLl, N. Y., claims the name of Victoria (Beau- 

 Belle) for her block ant] tail cocker, from the kennsl of 

 Mr. A, C. Waddell, Topeka, Kansas, whelped Nov, 23d, 

 1879. 



l-'rudcnl and Marvel. — Mr. Garrett Roach, of this city, 

 claims the names of Prudent and Marvel for his two 

 pointer bitch puppies by Mr. Orgfll's champion Rush out 

 of Mr. Van Wagenen's champion Duchess, whelped June 

 31st, 1879; bred by Mr. Geo. Van Wagenen, this city. 



Maxim and Cham-— Mr. Geo. Van Wagenen. of this 

 citv. Claims the names of Maxim and Charm for his two 

 pointer bitch puppies, by Mr. Orgiil's champion Rush Out 

 of his champion Duchess, whelped June 31st, 1871) ; bred 

 by Mr, Van Wagenen. 



'Elaine. — E. & C. Von Culin, Delaware City, Del., wish 

 to claim the above name for their lemon and white setter 

 bitch puppy, by Pontiac(he out of champion Petrel out of 

 Pride of the Border) out of Dr. W. W. White's Queen 

 Anne : she by Carlowitz out ol (jueen Bess, whelped Jan. 

 1st. 1880. 



Nipp.— Mr. C. H. Hauptuian. of Irvington, N. Y. 

 claims the name of Nipp for his red Irish setter bitch, 

 presented to him by Mr. H. R. Bishop, of Irvington, N. 

 Y. Nipp is out of Mr. Bishop's Biddy by his Doctor, 

 March 2d. 1879. Mr. Gcorce Laick, of Tarrytown, 

 s breaking her. 



l,— Mr. Tinsley, of Hamilton, Out., claims the 



! Byron for liver, white and tan colored cocker 



is Dash out of Mr. R. Day's Floss ; whelped Dec 



id Bub.— Mr. Jai 



N. Y. 



B,/r, 



fth, 18 



3 Chubb, of Cleveland, O.. 

 [aims fuea of Sis and Bub for his two red Irish 



setter puppies, bitch and dog. Sis for bitch by champion 

 Elcho-Gip, prizewinner Pittsburg, Pa., bred bv Mr. W. 

 A. Mcintosh", Sept. 10th, 1879. Bub for the dog. Arling- 

 ton-flora, both prize winners, bred by Messrs. Lincoln & 

 Deliver, Warren, Mass., Oct. Pith, 1879. 



Trip.— Mr. Geo. H, Bigelow, of Natick, Mass., claims 

 the name of Trip for his dark fiver and white cocker 

 spaniel bitch, weight mollis., bred by Mr. Chas. Allen, of 

 Worcester, Mass., out of his Cute by Grip ; whelped June 

 3d, 1878'. 



j/ irjl TIJ.r— Mr. Ceo. II. Bigelow, of Natick, Mass,, 



claims the name of Livy DTI for his orange and white 



! 3i tter bitch, out of Livy II-Livy-Prince, owned 



try Mr. Lleweliiu, by Dan, Leicester-Peeress; whelped 



Sales.— Backet— Mr. Garrett Roach, of this city, has 

 sold to Mr. D. Ferguson, of Milwaukee, Wis., hip, livl r. 

 and while pointer dog Packet, by Sensation out of Queen 

 II. 



Rob.— Mr. J. Yeaslev, Jr., of Coatesville, Pa., lias sold 

 his setter Rob (Rob Boy-Pocahontas) to Mr. Arnold Bur- 

 gess, of Hillsdale, Mich. 



WBEX&S.— FlOia. — Mr. N. L. Lafreniere's Floss w helped 

 Feb. :,"Jd. seven puppies, four dogs and three bitches, by 

 Mr. H. F. Deane's Lavexaok setter Pride. 



BRED.— Belle-Lord Dufferiw^Mr, George C, Colburn's 

 pointer bitch Belie Las just returned from a visit to Mr. 

 C. DuBois Wagstoffs lemon and white pointer Lord 

 Dull'erin. Belle left Babylon, L. I„ yesterday, and has 

 "oiii: (o lionnton, N. J., for the season. 

 ° Oountees-Boderiele. — Mr. J. Yeasley, Jr.'s. Countess 

 (Leicester-Pocahontas) to Mr. A. W. Moore's imported 

 Eoderick. 



DEAIH— Mack.— Mr. 1). D. Lawlor, of the Grand Cen- 

 tral Depot, had the misfortune to have bis Irish Water 

 spaniel Alack run over and killed on Feb, 14th. Mack 

 was a veteran prize winner and was well known to all 

 exhibitors in the East. 



Injlierg. 



TARGET VALUATIONS. 



Boston, Feb. 2S(/i. 

 Editor Forest ana Stnam •■ 



Tuo tyro in &rc1 rj aceaptsal iirs: everything as it la, as having 

 the i tctioh fit the authorities. As they progress and become 

 bettor acquainti Q with Its practice ana theory, these of u think- 

 ing mind -who find things wllieh to them seem to ho wrong ssk, 

 Whj la this as il . isV and they look to those ivhoiu tboy consider 

 Cor nn explanation or reason, that their misunderstand- 

 ing BaJ.be oorreetea and that they etui go on with the feeling 

 tn ■■uld he. 



. the writer's condition when he put the question, •^ re 

 n , i joftli target valued in equitable proportion? 



Of ell -M Ehe matter save, to get at aright and lust 

 conclusion, he hope thai otbctswiU have only tuessme latent, 

 and that the \dewsof those interested maybe fairly presented, 

 I . ,,.. laoi , oi ,'bt artth reasons for those opinions. 

 Mr. Will II. Thompson, in the FdBBST Attn S*BSAM of Feb. 

 lath, misrepresents the writer, unintentionally, we believe, By 

 saying, "Mr. Brownoll even thinks that the archer" who shoots 

 bigorwwS has nn advantage over the one who shoots a small 



one." This Statement, bj [artl its origin, will be accepted by 



man; , Eaot, and they will not have a correct opinion of his 



ideas, tor Mr. Browm ll neverthought or expressed that opinion, 

 and a natural Inference nook! be that Mr. Thompson, being mis- 



: . ,r,t assertion, may be in some of the olhers expressed in 



I- .ii .i- article. 



The opinion which I first expressed in this question ol the rela- 

 tive valuation for the several rings of the target was that the 

 gold and re, !■ ■ ,■ ■. ' , i '.ige-a per cent, of the total valni ti 

 -;.,... ,., , ., ,, the wlite and black. This I On ugttl couldbe 



, , , , hi,.- , i "ni rings from one to Ave, -which 



.,.,, ,, , i cent, of the total Taluo of the Urget from 



the gold to the white, and U : ■ ■' ■ ied to black: and it 



I iiarly to the York 

 ... . ii 01 B shown 



should be cetni mbi red 1 tim I I 

 Bound in oonsldi ring the quest! 



a i did, and asked for the 

 , „. ere adopted, As Mr. 



,.-',,, ,.,,,, ,,..,,,,. ., ,- com a llli .",, OH rhey seem to be - 



':.,,;, ';, ,iWl Mild P •Stilt to tllOSO Who wish 10 



.,, ,,,., i which have been made under the preg- 



latl 1 f the rings of a target should be in 



11 'arly found this to 



Now, I am not wholly satisfied with this statement and the ex- 

 planation of their groat variation from what theyfomn 

 fact, particularly aa it is not borne out In i, 

 seems to me that it can be proved u fallacy. 



Two archers shoot an arrow each at a target. What is the cri- 

 terion of merit? Proximity to the center. Shooting two or 

 more arrows.the merit must be in their aggregate nearness to the 

 eentei. How is this to bo determined? Bymeaauring the dis- 

 tance from the center to the point hit by each arrow, the Udal of 

 these distances giving- the nggreg ate. and (he less this distance the 

 better the shooting. 



Now, to compare (his theory with the theory Of val BJ 



area. A shoots five arrows and makes a bit in each colore 

 halfway between the inside and outside tings. ICB BB lilts would 

 score by the ratio of area ji;.i, and their age rognti ,i listanci 

 from the centei is sixty inches. B Shoots five arrows l 



reds, one blue, and two whites, also In tho center of those 

 colors. The value of these bits by the area is 104, and their aggre- 

 gate of distance sixty inches, exactly (he same as A's arrows. 

 With the distance the same it is not just that A should have a 

 score nearly 60 per cent, better than B. 



We have a target of a certain si/,e, with the distnn, , I 



center to outside divided Into five rings of equal diameter, and 

 desire to retain its size and divisions. 



To rate these several rings bv their distance from tho center we 

 find that tho ratio is exactly 1, 2, ft, i and 5. Thai Is to say, the 

 second ring extends twice, the third three, the fourth four, and 

 the fifth live times the distance of the first from the 

 These values would contemplate the smaller scores being the. 

 best. And to make the larger score the bes1 we must invert the 

 order of values. This Is supported by-measuring from the outside 

 toward the center, and we find that the second ri«g is I n Ice, Shi 

 third three times, the fourth four and (he fifth Ave times the dis- 

 tance of the first ring- nearer the center, and should increase io 

 value in that proportion. And! arrive at thoiolluv, , 

 sion :— 



There Is but one accurate method of comparing scon- , , 

 lng, and that is, to measure t he distance from the center to each 

 point hit, and divide the aggregate by the number of arrows 

 shot, giving you the average distance from the center for (he 

 whole number of shots. 



This would necessitate a target large enoua-h to take In all ar- 

 rows shot, and is, of course, impracticable for general use; but 

 in this way we can figure out the difference between scores, and 

 compare it with the difference In the same scores, figured by one 

 or another valuation of the rings of the target. In this compu- 

 tation 1 average the hits in each color lis being midway between 

 the Inner and outer edge of that -color, and multiply the distance 

 from the center of the target to the center of tho color by the 

 number of hits In that color. For golds, I take one-half the dis- 

 tance from the center to the outer edge C.'.t inches) as being the 

 average of the hits for, if olds. 



The missesl average as hitting tho center of an imaginary ring 

 outside the white, and of the same breadth, or 26,4 inches from 

 Ibe center. 



I have figured all the American Hound scores made at Beacon 

 Park, by ibis measurement, by the one to nine, and by the one to 

 live valuations, comparing one-half with the other; and also 

 many single s, on Bthi same several ways, and have not] . ■ 

 an instance but in which the difference by the one to five values 

 was nearer the difference by measurement than the difference by 

 the one to nine values. 



To illustrate, 1 will tnko the scores previously mentioned, -".) 

 hits. 1-1-1 value, revalued S7, and 30 hits, value 1:3. revalued 76. 



By the present valuation, the score ol 80 hits i xci -Is that of lid 

 bits 1S.8 per cent., by the revaluation 14.4 per cent., and by 

 measure] ml 1-U per cent., BhOTrtng the revaluation to diffej 

 from the measurement only three-tenths or one 1 per cent., w bile 

 the present valuation differs nearly 5 per cent. Taking t » o sixty- 

 yard scores from my score-book. 23 hils TI i ,.- -r,, and IT hi! .: . , , 

 •to, the present value of the 17 hits exceeds thai ol the 

 per cent.; while by measurement the 23 hitsaverago.SSofunirich 

 nearerthe centre, and by the revaluation 3 points more than the 

 17 hits. 



Taking the Beacon Tart scores of OOhits, t'fK.nnd.V, h , I 

 measurement, tho 55 hits average .11 of an iiu-b nearer the center 

 than fheM hits, showing the 55 hits to be the best BllOOt ing, tntl 

 it, should have tho larger score; revalued, It exceeds thi 



Itls only In the comparison of a score of many hits and small 

 Values wiih the score of few hits and large values that the rela- 

 tive posltionsare changed, and I ask, is it anyrhing tail m I , 



the many bits In the outer colors to give them their jusi propor- 

 tion of the total value of the target? 



Let us give fair and just cuiisiderai ion to all suggestions and 

 improvements,! os they cannot materially change archer: fjron 

 what it is and will be. Make every conceivable Impro 

 change In the equipment— 'tis but a small part of the play— -for 

 you will yet have the crowning portion of the snort, the indivi- 

 duabty of the archer, unohanged and unchangeable, 



As for the difficulty of comparing scores, as long as we retain 



our fa inch target and the five equal divisions of it, th Ii i . 



but Utile trouble for anyone I o compare their scores with those 

 of old or wdtb olhcrs of the present 1 line. Each ai-ehcr has, or 

 should have, his derailed score in his score-book. If A, who uses 

 the 1 lo5 values, wishes to compare ais 01 , my made by 



the present valuation, he has only to figure lip his bit, a, i h, , 



eral colors by that valuation, aud vice versa for B, If ] 



present valuation, and wishes to compare his score with As. 



1 cannot understand why it isthatMr. Thompson wishes us Io 

 practice archery another year before we ask quest tons I 

 discord in discussion. If there is that in our present , 

 archery which will not bear discussion, it is better to out whh t 

 at oaee. 



It is, of course, to be desired that we keep a uniform valuation, 



and lam not one Io advise a change without due arid pr . 



sidcration. Nor would I jet think of counting Lhj ti 

 against ,- but in view of the foregoingfacts it does seem to mo that 

 I bore is something in a proposition which is harmonioi i , , 

 and practice, as against one that does not accord ii, 

 ticulars. AhdRBW S. UKOWNKLL. 



PjUJTEHJ OOASt AbOHMV Association'.-.-',,-, .,..,, . , 

 mh. Sr; clubs -were represented by their delegates ai 

 ing of organization to-day, the Oakland How Club, by P, C. Hav- 

 ens and Al. vr. Havens ; Pacific Archery, bj p.C. Cftdl 



, , .,',i and T. 81. PPard ; HobinHi i ., ,,, s o. 



Allen, A. F. Low and W. L. Oliver] Capital lov Oil 

 wood Forester? of Sacramento, by ('.. w. Leftwieh; M 

 ters, by Daniel O'Counell '.A I. W. Havens, proxy) (_ . C. Ctidmuu 



called, the meeting to order, end stated thai thi n 



ther the practice of archery throughout the United Btal 

 fallowing officers wore than 



Firsi Vice-President, N. 11. White, of Sacramento: Second Vice- 

 President, J. P. Allen ; Recording Secretary, Harvey Durneal 



