Makoh 11, 1880.] 



FOEEST AND STREAM. 



115 



total of thirty-four olean scores in all— twenty-two with the Bal- 

 lard and twelve with the May nurd. The management of these 

 galleries bar no rifle, even allowing the contestants to shoot 

 their own, which privilege Messrs. Richardson and Jewell exer- 

 cise. NrPHEB. 



Titk Lyman Sight.— Mr. William Lvman, the maker of the new 



rifle rear sight, lias received the following letter from a member 

 of the Otah Hide Association. II. was entirely unsolicited, and 

 was accompanied by orders for other sights to be used !>y other 

 marksmen of Suit Luke City ;— 



Salt Lake City, Utah, Jan. 19th. 

 William Lyman, JBsu.:- 



1)EA 



Sight, and so expressed himself. ' I fr 

 broke the ball and made a string of til 

 hnr backtke gun without a ' 



nail reached 

 I Ballard, so 

 iwnor of the 



various dlslances. for the 



purpose of ascertaining its adaptabdity 



in ijuie.lt aiming, and the i 



esult surprised us. for firing al the 



word el command ii eve.- 



s anvtliina- 1 ever save. Of course, we 



can imagine what it woul 



i,e in the held and forest. 



One of our sport-men- 



1 that while its superiority was 



ire.mi- . !., io,; .,.•■,, 



s of shooting, it might not be adapted 



to iieeurateslioilimr lit a 



nark. To satisfy mvseii aud him I shot 



in the presence of two 



witnesses, t.-n Bhotsat the target 1 send 



vou herewith, re ■ ■ ■• 



t which vouean.of course, appreciate. 





van tweutv feel, mid von will see that 





m to place two Indicts side by side in 



r;» the longest die 



net.er it the liii-jiei el tie- -liols eul i i;i : j: 



M into one hole. 



This Willi a common hunting front 





yman rear sight, with large aperture. 



KBaBHEaS 1 ItaA'o made 



inv other wonderfully flue shots with 





not weary you with the story. 





soy (ten I consider your ateht the per- 



feetiott of an idea, which. 



siuiple as it Is. comprehends the secret 



of complete mastery eve 





feet God-send. 



0. A. MlJEAliS. 



A HUNTER'S EXPERIENCE WITH BULLETS. 



Boulder Basin, Montana. 

 Edttor Fore<st and Stream :— 



The article of Mr. Cleveland in your issue of Aug. 28th, 181'U, re- 

 calls a discussion that tool: place in your columns nearly two 

 yeattB -Since, and I ask space In submit additional facts in support 

 of the views then advocated. 



ItwUl bo recalled that in answer to some strictures of British 

 rifle experts— to the effect that lor all the practical purposes of 

 hunting, etc., the American long-range breech-loader rras as use- 

 less an arm as the British muzzle-loader— I commended the Amer- 

 ican gun as an admirable arm for hunting large game, with a 

 propermodification of sights and ammunition. This opinion was 

 based upon nearly two years' experience with one of the Ameri- 

 can lung-r inge arms— hunting in Montana, using a 4-JO-grain solid 

 ball. These views wore commented upon unfavorably by several 

 on this side of the water, notably by H. AW C.(Mr. Cleveland), who 

 seemed to ridicule the idea of taking such a weapon in the field. 

 The only tangible reason given in support of his view was that 

 the very sharp twist of the grooving, necessary in the long-range 

 weapon, necessarily and per Se caused too high a trajectory for 

 hunting purposes. This objection was successfully controverted 

 by me in reply, I think, by quoting the practice of some of the 

 best .rifle-makers of Great Britain, wdto in the Express rifle— de- 

 signed especially for flatness of trajectory— used, in some cases, as 

 sharp twist to the grooving as is used in our long range. Some 

 experiments of my own were also introduced, which, at least to 

 my satisfaction, proved the error of his views. The opinion was 

 theu advanced that in a well-constructed rifle, flatness of trajec- 

 tory, velais j/rodrti.--, is dependent practically upoa the relative 

 propOrl ion of weights of powder and ball. 



So much by way of recapitulation and as an introduction to 

 what follows. This same long-range rillo has beou used by mo 

 since that discussion, and its powers fully tested upon the large 

 game (antelopes, deer, bnflalos, elks, mountain sheep and grizzly 

 bears) of the finest game region of this continent. The following 

 score of game for the present season to this rifle, to this date, in- 

 dicates, by the large proportion of animals killed to those hit, a 

 destructiveness scarcely second to any rifle, and certainly shi 

 (lie adaptability of this class of weapon for hunting purposes. 

 Nothing is claimed for myself on the. score of extra skill either at 

 a rifleman or hunter, for 1 am only an average one ; nor is any es- 

 pecial merit claimed for this rifle over other arms of its class, for 

 it is only an average one. What merit I do claim is the successful 

 adapting of the hollow-pointed or Express bullet to an American 

 rifle, contrary to the opinion of so many that the light Express 

 bullet could not lie used in any American ride with Express 

 charges on account of its system of rifling. With the exception 

 of a few oiks killed for bear baits, and a few males of each kind 

 for specimens, the aim was to kill no animal-bear, of course, ex- 

 cepted-except for food. When it is recollected what small 

 amount of each carcass can be kept in warm weather and packed on 

 animals over mountain trails, it can be realized how many an- 

 imals can be utilized, even by a small party, in several months' 

 exploration of the Yellowstone National Park and the mountains 

 to the north and east. With a little exertion double the amount 

 of deer and elk could have been easily killed than is given belo' 

 This can be the more easily realized when it Is stated that six of 

 the elks were killed in ten minutes' firing, and were quickly util- 

 ized by a ranchman for his winter's supply of uieut; also three 

 elks at another time and two on two other occasions in a shorter 

 time. 



Two bullets wore used. In animals no larger than the deer, 

 shells were loaded with 103 grains by measure (103 grains by 

 weight) of Curtis & Harvey No. B, and a 275-grain hollow-pointed 

 alloyed bat), 3-18 inch oriliee. For animals larger than the deei 

 (elks, bears, bighorns, etc..', same Quantity of powder and a 340- 

 grain alloyed baU, 10-0-1 inch orillco. 



The classification below is made from notes taken of the locality 

 and character of each wound at the time. 



The game was killed by myself, aud does not. include what was 

 killed by the packer or others of lha party, nor by any hunter in 

 the vicinity. The score is claimed as a fair test of the rifle's 

 capacity. In making out the percentage of "kills" (without a 

 second shot) to the "hits," no shot is counted that did not strike 

 the spinal column or within the cavity between pointof 9houlder 

 aud hips, for rarely " hits" from any rifle in the limbs will secure 

 game without a second shot. 

 Total deer aud antelope killed the present season to Nov. 



10th, 1879 - 



Hit in limbs, .iiid reipiired seeotut shot - 



Leaving total hit fairly in body 23 



Of these requiring .-cjinit shot 1 



(Or 1 in 380 



The2t killed dead fell within a distance of twenty yards, and 

 Were shot at distances varying from fifty to three huudred 

 yards. 



Total elk and mountain sheep 33 



Hit in Iniibsfirsi shot, and requiring second socond shot •» 



Leaving hit fairly in body . 31 



Shot at from forty to three hundred yards : - 



Of these requiring a second shot 8 



(Or proportion of 1 to 6 1-5,) 



Kt 



The at animals foil with one hundred and flf ty yards, aud where 

 shot. 



This does not include 3 bull oik and 1 big horn ram know 11 to be 

 hit, and some, with limbs broken, that escaped into timber and 

 tot found, 



Total bear killed (grizzly, 7; brown bear, 1) 3 



Kequlrlng the second shot 1 



(Orlin 8.) 

 One killed at one hundred and fifty yards, bnlance from twenty to 

 seventy-five yards. The grizzly— shot the second— would have 

 died witluu a short distance, had he not, after the usual number 

 of antics, righted up and came immediately down the hill toward 

 me, and it was deemed advisable, by way of experiment, to give 

 him a second Bhot when within twenty -five yards. The bears were 

 approached on foot and unattended, except the one shot at one 

 hundred and fifty yards, who was killed by merely dismounting. 

 This of itself' argues confidence in one's ldflo. These eight boars 

 were all so hard hit that only one gave I he usual " bawl" given 

 when not fatally shot. Of course, with such game the necessity 

 wa3 always recognized of putting in the first shot at cIobc quar- 

 tors, and doing it well. 



Big-horns are nearly as hard to kill dead as elk. With any arm It 

 is very difficult to knock down in his track a bull elk, unless hit 

 in brain or spinal column. Well hit behind the shoulders, they 

 will usnally stand from three to ten minutes before falling. Three 

 of the big-horns and six of the elk wore killed with the light, bul- 

 let, and without a second shot. They wore all, however, well hit. 

 The condition of an animal (amount of flesh on its ribs) materi- 

 ally iilteets the Kxpress bullet. The more flesh, tho lower the ve- 

 locity of the splinters of the ball ou entering the cavity— which 

 Is really the measure of its destructiveness. A u average elk will 

 measure oft. 2in. (151 hands) high ; 71ft. from rump to tip of nose, 

 as lie stands; Oft, in girth, and 301n. depth of chest behind the 

 shoulders, and will weigh 7501bs. when in fair condition. 



The rifle Is so sighted that with a 275 gr. ball and with line sight, 

 its point blank is 135 yards ; coarse Bight,200 yards, trajectory vising 

 seven inches. Turning up a leaf, and using a 340 gr. ball, fine 

 sight, V.!H yards ; coarse, 200 yards. The second leaf also gives a 

 point blank for light ball of 250 and 300 yards. 



As to accuracy, X have grouped ten consecutive shots, with the 

 276 gr. ball, within an eight inch ring at 200 yards ; also (on con- 

 secutive shots within a four inch ringat 100 yards. From ten to 

 twenty shots (dependent on state of atmosphere) can be fired 

 with the light ball without materially fouling the barrel. 



These details may appear tedious, but they have a material bear- 

 ing on the adaptability of any weapon for hunting purposes. The 

 object of this paper is to make apparent this showing for one of 

 the American long-range rifles, and that, although only .44 in 

 calibre, it can be made sufficiently destructive for the largest game 

 of this continent. 



I don't mean by the above that were I going to order an arm, 

 especially for bunting, the long-range model would be selected. 

 I would prefer, on account of carrying on horseback, a two, 

 probably four, inches shorter barrel and a sholl to hold 110, 

 perhaps 120 grains powder. But what would be required would be 

 a rifle of the extreme accuracy of the long-range model (call it 

 by what name you choose and leave the length, etc., to the 

 builder). With me one half the pleasure derived from the use of 

 the rifle Is in target practice, and with mo ono rifle is as mtteh as 

 it Is desirable to look after. It is for this reason I want a rifle 

 that In a few minutes can be transformed from a target to a hunt- 

 ing rfflo, aud vice versa. Whoever has traveled around by rail , as 

 I have, with two guns, with two outfits of shells, ammunition, 

 etc , knows its annoyance and trouble. This would be doubly ex- 

 pensive and annoying If traveling through mountains by stage 

 or by pack animals. 



Anyone who attempts the latter mode of getting about will 

 soon appreciate the luxury of having only one rifle and outfit to 

 look alter, and will never be bothered with two. You also want a 

 rifle as light as possible and of power sufficient to master any ani- 

 mal you are liable to meet, from a blue grouse to n grizzly 

 bear. 



1 was glad to see by a late circular that one of the Express rifle 

 makers coincides in some of ray views. Alexander Henry, lidln- 

 burgh, whose reputation as a match and Express rifle maker, is 

 second to none in Great Britain, advertises "a match and Express 

 rifle combined," which means. I presume, that he uses express 

 bullets and express sights in his regular breech-loading match 

 rides. Though the length or this article has exceeded first inten- 

 tions, a few words in answer to Mr. Cleveland's last. With Mr. 

 Van Dyke I certainly understood him thai, his model rifle (.HI eal. 

 40 grain, 20 inch) was unrestricted as to district, and was the more 

 impressed in that regard from his bringing forward as examples 

 of its destructiveness the tiger of India and the buffalo bull 

 of the Western plaius. His articles arc- not before me, but of 

 course I stand corrected, f was equally surprised, however, that 

 a rifleman of his experience should find evidence of the tlatness of 

 trajectory of a rifle, from the fact of a good rifleman centering 

 the tiger's eye at forty yards. Had he not reiterated this opinion 

 in his last card, 1 might have thought myself mistaken in bis 

 meaning, as in the other instance. 



The fact of a rifle with a driving center at tiny distance, proves 

 nothing, except that it is sighted for that particular distance. 

 American sporting rifles aro sighted for different distances -fifty, 

 seventy-five and ono hundred yards. If the rifleman in question 

 " drew a Hue bead" on the tiger's eye my inference would be the 

 rifle was sighted for fifty yards. Sighted for seventy-live yards 

 tho center could be driven by holding a little under, by one who 

 knows his weapon well. So that until more particulars aro given 

 of this shot it proves nothing except the nerve and skill of the 

 rifleman, and probably his "good fortune," too, as Mr. V. sug- 

 gests. 



The term "flat trajectory" is very indefinite, so also "line 

 sight" and " coarse sight," unless we know by careful evpei anient 

 how much the trajectory rises when sighted for a certain distance, 

 By my own idea of the term I do uot see how a flat trajectory can 

 begotten from Mr. C.'s model ritle with a forty-grain charge and 

 the conical ball of say 200 grains, a proportion of powder of one- 

 fifth. Nothing less than a proportion of one in two andahulf 

 and one In three will give a flat trajectory up to 200 yards and 

 with proper weight to the ball. No reflection is meant in the 

 above on the Mayuard rifle, which stands scarcely second to any 

 of our breech-loaders as a close shooting and excellent firm. Be- 

 sides, I have great respect for it Lsotie or two of the "pioneer" 

 American breech-loaders. i». 



Boulder Basin, Montana. 



Mound City Ceicket Club.— At a meeting of this organiza- 

 tion held at St. Louis on Feb. 11th, the following officers wore 

 elected for the coming season .-—President, Mr. George I', is'eale ; 

 Vice-President, Mr. George M. Forster; Treasurer Mr. P. 

 Hackey; Secretary, Mr. William H. Chambers, 208 South Main 

 street ; Committee, Messrs. P. Adair, E, H. Lycett, J . B. Gage, T. 

 Penn and William Brodle ; Captain, Mr. Julian Buttwell. 



jUnthtiitg and jfemweitiQ. 



— » 



THE HERRE3IIOFF SYSTEM OF STEAM PROPUL- 

 SION. 



WE take pleasure in laying before our readers a, com- 

 plete exposition of the nerreshoff system of 

 steam generation and propulsion, as applied to pleasure 

 and sporting yachts. 



The Herreshoff Manufacturing Co., of Bristol, R. I., 

 are now at work on their sixty-fifth steam vessel— a list 

 whioh includes steam yachts', launch," eiu: t, ,vp, „.],-■ 

 boats anil gunboats, varying in sizefroin lii't. to I lott> in 

 length. These vessels have all attained the highest, speed 

 in their several classes, and are always noted for f he line 

 lines of their hulls and for the general excellence of their 

 workmanship, both in hulls and machinery, 



Let, us first examine in detail their boiler, which pre- 

 sents a combination of new and remarkable qualities. It 

 is the invention of tho HerreshoiY Brothers, and is the 

 Subject of two patents in this and foreign countries. 



By reference to the annexed cut the manner of con- 

 struction and its operation can be easily understood, 



The boiler consists of a coil or coils of wrought iron 

 pipe placed vertically over a circular furnace, the whole 

 being surrounded by a double or treble jacket or shell ter- 

 minating in a smoke-stack on top. The products of com- 

 bustion cannot escape at the top of the coil, which is 

 closed, but are obliged to find their exit through the 

 spaces at the side between 1, lie several turns of pipe which 

 form the coils. Thus the influence of the fire is brought 

 to bear in a very efficacious manner upon I lie heating sur- 

 face, giving thereby a very high economic result. 

 The feed water is pumped into the upper coil, A, which 

 >rves as a feed-wa- 

 ir heater, through 

 •hieh it Hows to 

 js^jthe inner pni I, of 

 tho main coil, B. In 

 the coil Btho water 

 as it approaches the 

 b o t to tit becomes 

 more and more 

 evaporized. "When 

 it finally reaches 

 the end of tho 

 outer coil, C, only a 

 small portion of the 

 water, say ten pei 

 nt., which has 

 -en forced in at 

 A remains liquid. The contents of the coils are discharged 

 through the pipe E into the separator, D, in which the 

 steam and water become separated. The steam flows oil' 

 through the pipe F to the superheating coil, Cf , from which 

 it is taken directly to the engine. The water, which has 

 been separated from the steam in the separator, falls to 

 the bottom of it. Theheight at which if, stands may bo 

 known by the glass gliage H. The excess of feed-water 

 blown off from the separator is returned lothecoil A by a 

 circulating pump. A simpler method, however, but ac- 

 companied by a small loss of heat, is to discharge (he ex- 

 cess of feed-water into the condenser, whence it is taken 

 by the air pump and delivered into the hot well, from 

 which it is taken by the feedpump and again carried to 

 the coil, A. 



The boiler is absolutely safe from explosion — a most 

 comforting assurance to all in its neighborhood. It is 

 less than half the weight of ordinary boilers, and eau be 

 put into operation in a remarkably short space of time ; 

 only jhv ur si.v minutes are required to raise steam. Its 

 economy of fuel is claimed to be equal to the best form of 

 boilers in use — a claim which seems reasonable in view of 

 the large amount of heating surface exposed. 



The engines adopted by tin's company are of the com- 

 pound condensing type, and possess many advantages 

 over the old plain system— notably, economy of fuel and 

 freedom from the noise and other nuisances connected 

 with exhausting steam into the open air. There is also by 

 this method an increased durability of working parts, 

 owing to working (he steam at a high rate of expansion. 

 The accompanying cut is of a compon'nd condensing 

 engine f or yachting use. It is from the photograph of 

 New York in 1879, at the Fair of 

 To ifand to the boiler medals 

 of excellence and a diploma were awarded. 

 We summarize the advantage offered by this system as 

 follows i first, 

 the ex t re mo 

 lightness of the 

 machinery and 

 boiler, which 

 gives to the ves- 

 sel a maximum 

 degreeof speed, 

 buoyancy and 



the engine exhibited i 



the American Institute 



with a mini- 

 mum of 

 a u o e and 

 d r a it g h t o f 

 water. Second, 

 by the use of the 

 lieneshori boil- 

 er perfect safety 

 is insured, with 

 compactness of 

 form and dura- 

 bility of parts, 

 as tiatfiritl draft 

 only is used in 

 the consmiip- 

 . i iwl, The 



tmv, which is 

 liighl appreci- 

 ated by yauhta- 

 men and sportsmen who " brook no dela ,\ when On pi 

 sure bent," Third, by the use of tho surface com 

 engine the amount of fresh water required is reduced to 

 a minimum, 30 gallons of which will sullice to carry a. 15 

 h p. yacht 300 miles, As haa been noticed, the nb-eiico 



