April S3, 1880.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



235 



settle the question iu your next issue, and oblige myself and 

 friend*? H.R. 



In long range breech-loading rifles, whore loading from the 

 muzzle is employed, tho putched bullet? would dro|> 36*58 the 

 barrel, and in tho Old mUzdeMOaa&M a gentle pressure, wlt.l, a TOfl 

 Was sufficient in ram them down on the powder. There ia no ad- 

 vantage (rained in having- a conical bullet so fight -fitting that if 

 must be driven through the barrel by mallet blows, and there is 

 the disadvantage of increasing the liability to leading. 



EXPRESS BULLETS. 



Indianapolis, 1nd„ March 31«t. 

 Editor Forest and. stream. :— 



Having noticed tor some time discussions in your valuable 

 paper on the destructive effect of express bullets, I desire to add 

 my mite. Leaving out the question of accuracy of hollow- 

 pointcd bullets, I feel conHdent the shock produced in a living 

 body by impact of elongated bullets moving with the same veloc- 

 ities, would bo decidedly In favor of the hollow-pointed projec- 

 tile, provided Both were moving with very high velocity. Iin- 

 elose a sample of hollow-pointed bullet that has been Bred into a 

 bank r,i sawdust. You will notice the resemblance to a button- 

 shaped mushroom. In order to ascertain the action of hollow- 

 pointed bullets when sti iking bodies of low or slight resistance, 

 I took several focal, eartiidges (bullets weighing 405grs. ; charge 

 powder, 7ugrs.) and bored a hole in the points of the bullets about 

 one-eighth of an inch iu diameter, continuing in tho direction, or 

 rather prolongation of the longer axis nearly seven-eighths of 

 an inch : these holes were then tilled with melted beeswax. I then 

 tilled a paoking-bo.v, about eight feet long by three feet wide and 

 three feet high, with loose sawdust. Standing about twenty feel 

 from an open end of the box, fired into the sawdust. Found 

 upon examination the penetration in all eases was between five 

 and six feet, and the bullets took the shapo of the inclosed sam- 

 ple (but ton mushrooml. The service bullet fired into sawdust, 

 at same distance with Bit me charge of powder, had the same pen- 

 etralion, but the bullets were very little disfigured, showing 

 plainly the mark of the rifling. I also obtained the same results 

 by firing into this box tilled with snow. Found very little differ- 

 ence between the penetration in this and ui the sawdust. 'The 

 hollow-pointed bullet turned inside out in the sno» — same as iu 

 sawdust. These materials offer much less resistance to the pene- 

 tration than the bodies of large animals, consequently the disfig- 

 urement or change of form of the hollow-pointed bullet would 

 be. much greater when striking them. "When exceedingly high 

 velocities are obtained, this change of form would be complete 

 the expanded disk formed by bullet spreading out from the point 

 remaining in the body of the animal, and the base of the bullet 

 passing on beyond, possibly throuyh the body, producing all the 

 effects of an explosive bullet ; for this bullet, from the time of 

 impact, continues to penetrate and expand at the point, until the 

 expanded portion, from loss of velocity due to the increased sur- 

 face of resistance, comes to a state of rest, or nearly so, and is 

 itself penetrated by the solid base. At the time of impact, the 

 beeswax becomes melted from heat generated by the resistance 

 of the air and the body struck, and we then have a column of 

 fluid confined in a cylindrical space subject to great pressure. 

 This pressure, being equal iu all directions, causes the bullet to 

 expand in direction of line of least resistance (of the material 

 from which the bullet is made) via : at the point in a plane perpen^ 

 dioular to tho longer axis. By this expansion continuing, the 

 oylindricid hole in the bullet becomes eone-shaped, with the base 

 or the cone at point of bullet. Tho enlargement at the poiDt of 

 the bullet increases the surface of resistance, and owing to tho 

 non-elastic quality of lead, the particles in expanded portion lose 

 volocity faster than the particles in the base. The base pressing 

 more and more upon the expanded portion as the difference in 

 the velocities becomes greater, changes the concave-expanded 

 point, first to a plane, then convex surface, aud this change of 

 form will continue until the difference in velocities of the parti- 

 cles iu the expanded portion and particles of solid base be- 

 comes sufficiently great, when the base will penetrate the ex- 

 panded portion and pass on. lly using a bank of sawdust as a 

 butt, and successively reducing the charge of powder for same 

 weight of hollow bullet, a point will be reached at which there 

 Will be no change of form in the bullet. If, now, the charges of 

 powder are regularly increased.it will be found the change of 

 form becomes greater and greater as the velocities increase, until 

 a maximum is reached, which, as indicated, will be a separation 

 of the bullets into two parts, a circular disk, andlthe solid base, 

 the latter penetrating beyond the disk. Parties desiring to inves- 

 tigate, will find either material (sawdust or snow) suitable. They 

 can be packed in sections of stove-pipe two or tbree feet in 

 length. A shset of thiu packing-paper placed between each sec- 

 tion will assist wonderfully in finding the bullet* (by indicating 

 which section contains the bullets) after they have beeu fired. 

 Those desiring to ascertain the effect or action of different forms 

 of rifling (barring accuracy) w ill findlight snow admirably adapted 

 to this purpose. The penetration in all cases will not be great, and 

 all of the bullets can be recovered in the perfect form they left 

 the muzzle of the gun. Gregory. 



Non-StiCkino Shells.— San DimflS Durango, Mexico. Feb. 26th. 

 -i. 3,1 1 ii Forest and Stream:-! have been much interested in tho 

 ■discussion going on through your columns in regard to " ever- 

 lasting shells." Possibly my experiences may be of benefit to 

 those unfortunate gentlemen from Texas, who have suffered 

 from sticking shells in the Ballard and other rifles. My brother 

 and I each own a Ballard ; one (mine) using the Berdan shell, 

 .44-77, the other, everlasting, .44-100. Wonderful to state, with 

 proper care in loading, the shells never stick in either rifle— with- 

 out said care they will stick every time. The rules to be observed 

 Jo loading are simple, and easily earned out. 1st. Before reload- 

 ing, clean each shell carefully Inside and out, until It ia bright and 

 ?ree from all signs of burnt powder or verdigris. 2d. Moid the 

 bullets with the utmost care, seeing that the bullet, mold is shut 

 light: every time a slug Is run. 3d. Load the shell so that the ball 

 ftoes not crowd the powder, hut barely rests on it, when set. at the 

 iroper depth in the shell. Don't Use bullets that enter the shells 

 with difllculty. If the molds will make no other kind, fire them 

 jut and buy others of the proper size. This, by tho way, IB a very 

 Common fault in factory-made bullel molds, as I know from uu- 

 tortunate experience, 4<li. Clean the chamber of the riflo care- 

 fully; if the cartridges are for hunting, dip them in some very 

 an, lubricant, so that shell and bullet will have a very thin ooat- 

 Jig of grease, extending back say half an inch on the shell. If 

 rtter all this tho shells still persist in sticking, why, for my part, 

 give it up. They have some kink in them that has not yet eomc 

 D light: lu our experience. Poaslhly too quick powder will make 

 he shells expand, qutin sabei Wo always use Hazard's FG or 

 KFG when attainable. I have owned and used many different 

 .ifles during the past feu years, including Sharps, Remington, 

 ' i i , Springfield, imported Stevens, etc, and for a sports- 

 who can only afford one weapon I consider the Ballard ahead 



of them all. Since the fall of 1876 my Ballard has been my com- 

 panion from i lie dripping pine lores Is of Puget Sound, to the oak 

 and cactus-covered cyclones of the Mexican cordilleras. In canoe 

 or saddle— w herever there was :t show to get meat, hi short— I've 

 always packed her; and whether shooting at. a buck "as big as a 

 barn," a blue grouse, iu the top of an Oregon pine, ova Mexican 

 fox-squirrel curiously peering from some lofty perch at the 

 "Gringo" Interloper on ids domains, I've hit or missed with the 

 comfortable feeling that whatever happened the rifle was all 

 right in every partieu lar. And I've not yet found game so big or 

 so little that she couldn't attend to their ease, and giveafair ac- 

 count of herself. I've accomplished one feat with this rifle 

 lately, that I had considered heretofore as a hunter's yarn, viz., 

 " barking a squirrel." A jacklcnife, with a screw-driver blade, is 

 amply sufficient to do all tho adjusting necessary during a three- 

 months' hunt, and— but I'll stop, for fear the censorious gentle- 

 man, who objects to "this kind of thing, you know," will get 

 after me. El AMERICANO. 



§j£achting mtd (^mating. 



Bos 



FIXTURES. 



ntYC Spring Regatta. 

 Y C Anniversary. 

 > v 0, Spring iiegatta. 

 eT.fl. DowlingCup. 



■: '.'. <: sprin.j Hi yiina. 

 nd y.C, Challenge Cup. 

 Camden Y. c. Spring Regatta. 



May 3-Cooi 

 Way 5— Bad 



May 8- x"OD 

 Mayl3-F,mt 

 MaylS-Quii 

 May SO— Port 



May 27— Soul 



May::.! -Don 



Ma'vHI-ljaalor ''in \'<[ Sn'riiuNtogaUa". 

 May :J1 J. ■mthwark'Y. C. Spring Ken ' la. 



June ?— Philadelphia r' 0. Annual Regatta, 



June II— Atlantic Y- C. Annual Kegatta. 

 JunelO-New York Y. C. Annual Kegatta. 



Jar i: I -J --jm v. ar '' .a ' >_a :r. luau .'.laoair-s. 

 June 17— Boston Y. C. Union Kegatta. 

 17-Marblebeud Regatta. 



.. j— D,.i_ ._. 



.Ml,:: 'ai-Vr ■ n ... 



July 3-BeveriV 

 July -Sea v. a oil 

 July 17— San Fran 

 July 31-Boverly ' 

 Aug. H or 31— Dev 

 Aug. 14— Washing 

 Any. 28— Beverly 

 Sept. 4— Bosion \ 

 Sept. 11— Washing 

 Sept. i:.'— DoroliLS! 

 Sept. 18-Beverly ' 

 Sept. — Eeverly Y 



J. C. Keg 



i Village V. C. Spring Kegatta. 



.■ '. 

 a Y.C. Corinthian Cruise, 

 co Y. 0. Annual Cruise. 



p Races, Swampseott. 





srly. 



■ ii'.'UN a a a aiosei a i , 



n Kegatta. Swampseott. 



C. Regatta. 

 insliip Kaces, Bcvi 

 tegatta. 

 . C. Regatta. 



Regatta. 

 Nahant. 



3otuit. 



Oct. 9— Washington Village Y. C. Full Regatta. 



m i « i 



THE NATIONAL YACHTING ASSOCIATION. 



AT the meeting of the convention, held April 14th at the St. 

 Denis Hotel, this city, the minutes of the previous meeting 

 were read and approved. The following clubs had at that time 

 adopted the constitution: Salem Bay Y. C, Yonkers, National, 

 Chicago, Columbia, Empire, Buffalo, New Jersey, Hudson River, 

 Oshkosh, Quaker City and Pavonia. 



Upon motion of Mr. Rice the Newburyport Y. C. aud Lynn Y 

 C. were al30 to be considered admitted, they having appoiuted 

 delegates and signified their intention of joining. A committee 

 of five was selected to consider and report upon the receipt of all 

 further acceptances sent in by clubs whose time of moeting had 

 not yet enabled them to communicate their adoption of the con- 

 st! Hit ion. The committee Is composed as follows: David Hall 

 Rice, S. B. Y. 0.; Henry Woods, N. Y. 0.; A. J. Brush, Empire Y. 

 C; C. P. Kunhardt, Buffalo Y. C.; R. B. Freeman, Hudson Kivef 

 Y.C, and the President, Com. Dil worth, and Secretary John Frick, 

 of the convention. 



A resolution was passed instructing the Executive Committee 

 of twelve to take steps, when appoiuted, looking toward a full 

 and creditable display of the yachting interests at the coming 

 W r orld'a Fair in 1883. Yacht builders and others are to be re- 

 quested to contribute specimens of their work in the way of 

 actual yachts, models, etc, so that the attention of the general 

 public may be drawn to the sport. Votes of tbanks were tendered 

 to Kear-Com. Sumichrast, Royal Nova Scotia Y. S., for the useful 

 and interesting data furnished the convention : to Mr. John Frick 

 for the ciToetivo manner in which he carried out the arduous 

 duties of Secretary, and to the proprietors of the St. Denis Hotel 

 for the use of their parlors. Tho Association having been estab 

 lished permanently and all provisions for its future continuance 

 having been made, tho convention was adjourned sine die. The 

 Executive Committee of twelve, as soon as balloted for, will now 

 take charge of the affairs of the Association iu accord with the 

 provisions of the constitution. 



EASTERN BRANCH N. Y. A. 



AT THE meeting held in Boston, April 16th, with a view to 

 perfecting a local organization, five clubs were represented 

 by dslegates : Lynn Y. C, Newburyport Y. C, Salem Bay V. (.'., 

 Haverhill Y. 0. and Washington Village Y. C. In regard to some 

 of them joining the N. Y. A. it was determined to refer the ques- 

 tion back to the clubs for definite action. As the meeting was 

 only an initial one it is thought, ot her Eastern eiuhs may join, as 

 ad oil all sides that the formation of an Eastern branch 

 to supervise racing from Cape Cod to Eastport is a necessity of 

 the times. The meeting was much better attended than the pre- 

 vious call of a similar nature, and in tho end we trust all interests 

 wid pull together for united action. A committee on rules and 

 by-laws was appointed, consisting of Messrs. T.Talbot, Newbury- 

 port Y. C; E. F. Brown, Haverhill Y 0.; Howard Dennis, Lynn 

 Y. C; E. tanning, W. V. Y. C, and David Hall Rice, Salem Bay 

 Y.c. Also a committee, on union or local regattas, as follows : 

 W. P. Parker, Vice-Corn. Salem Bay Y. (.'.; W. Q. Thompson, Com. 

 Newburypoit Y. C; Howard Dennis, Fleet Captain Lynn Y. C; 

 F. A. Daniels, Viee-Com. W. V. Y. C, and W. M. Dresser, Haver- 

 hill Y.C. These cammittees will meet at Young's Hotel, April 

 3:th, at 4 p.m. for deliberation. The moeting was then adjourned 

 subject to the call ot the President. 



N»W Schooner.— Decker, of South Brooklyn, has finished a 

 handsome schooner for ex-Commodore Munsell, Atlantic Y. C. 

 The model is by Decker. Her dimensions are : Length, 73ft. over 

 all, 83ft. keel, Sift, beam; depth of hold, 7ft.; draught, 4ft. 6in. 

 Tho dimensions other spars arc: Mainmast, Daft.; foremast, 63ft.; 

 bow sprit, -Wit.; niainboom, 43ft.; foreboom, 22ft,; foregaff, Zlft.i 

 maingaff, 22ft.; foretopmast, 28ft.; and maintopmust, 3Jft. Bow- 

 sprit outboard, 33ft; forestey sets up 4ft. out on the bowsprit 

 from this to the jibstay is lift.; from jib to flying jlbstay, Uft., and 

 3ft. pole. The craft has a Hush deck, with the exception of the 

 cabin house, 15iu. high. She will be placed In racing trim about 

 the mlddlB of May, and wiU go to Newport on her trial trip. 



icll; Seere- 

 will give 



r : Commo- 



YACHTINO NEWS. 



Southern- Yacht Club.— Oflicers for the year : Commodore, 

 E.J. O'Brien; First Vice-Commodore, A. A.Maginues; Second 

 Vice-Commodore, E. Han-is ; Treasurer, J. B. MoCoun 

 tary, A. H. Harris. The club has now 477 members, a 

 four regattas this season. 



San Francisco Yacht CMS.— Officers Tor the yea 

 dorc, C. H. Harrison; Vice-Commodore, J. D. Spreekels ; Secre- 

 tary, C. G.Yale; Treasurer, ;i. finite; Measurer, M. Turner; 

 Trustees, Howes, Weiner, and Hamilton. 



Racing- model yachts are rapidly increasing in this olub, many 

 experiments being tried with tho hope of drawing lessons there- 

 from, to be applied on a larger scale. Dr. Merritt proposes to 

 cruise among the South Sea Islands, this year, iu his schooner 

 GMW». H is cruise down the coast last season was a great success. 



New York Yacht Cx.ua.— The club has adopted anew pattorn 

 for their cap, similar to that of the midshipmen of the Royal 

 Navy ; exit ye ancient marine cavalry affair. The following new 

 members have been elected : W". L. Scott, Erie, Pa. ; E. Robert, J. 

 W, Blatchford, D. Hall, G. F. Randolph, F. Peabody, H. B. 

 Packer, R. H. Rathbone, 0. H. Flint, J. P. Earle, and F. Hathaway. 



Quaker City Yacht Club— The entries for the spring races 

 consist of the following : First, class cahin-yaehts, frumliU to3Sft. 

 w. 1. : Columbia, Albert Wood ; Coquette, John Vandersplice ; Clara, 

 C. Verga ; Comet, Joseph Kennedy ; Geo. W. Falrman, John Pom- 

 eroy; KtngAnn Guddard, John Mint/.; Minerva, Wm. Grouse: 

 Speering, James Campbell ; White Wing (of Chester), Paul Klotz 

 Second class, sloops under SOft, w. 1. : Oris Oalhtger, Robert 



Wible; Eliza — , Henry Stark; Lillie , Godfrey Grouse; 



Stella , Charles Magcc ; M. II. Thomas, James Bradshaw ; 



Quay , Wm, S. Douglass. Third class, open boats, between 20 



and 30ft. : Adelphia, George Campbell ; Btanea, George Hlilman ; 

 Camden, Wm. Middfetou ; Sadie, James Collins ; Post, Henry Wtl- 

 lard ; Sappho, Painter. Regatta Committee: Commodore A. F. 

 Bancroft, Chairman : Vice-Commodore, Charles B. Magee ; Rear- 

 Commodore, Robert Riddle, Jr.; Lawrence Coleman, Robert 

 Baird, John MeCormiok, and Robert P. Thompson, Secretary. 



Eureka Yacht Club.— The E. Y. C, of San Francisco has 

 elected the following officers: President, Harry 11. Neal; Vice- 

 President, Louis Moran; Treasurer, Frederick Wallace; Finan- 

 cial Secretary, James D. Smith ; Recording Secretary, John M. 

 Malcolm; Sergeant-at-Arms, Harry D. Bcnuer; Commander, Wil- 

 liam D. Kramer. 



Nahassett Yacht CLtiB.-This club, formerly with headquar- 

 ters at Nahant and Cohasset, has voted to disband. 



South Boston Yacht Cr,uB.-Olflcers for the year: Commo- 

 dore, John M. Charnock ; Vlee-Commodore, Dr. R. Dlsbrow ; Fleet 

 Captain, Alexander Kidd ; Secretary, William Morris ; Treasurer, 

 Thomas Christian; Measurer, John Winuiatt; Trustees, A. K. 

 Roberts, David WlnlSBS, William Thompson ; Kegatta Committee, 

 James Donovan, William Morris, James Bertram, George F. Ken- 

 ney, Alexander Kidd, George Martin, M. J. Driseoll. The damage 

 done to the club-house by fire is being repaired, 



Quinoy Yacht Club.— Omcers for the year: Commodore, John 

 Q. Adams ; Vice-Commodore, A. J. Clark ; Fleet Captain, Joshua 

 Binnoy ; Secretary and Treasurer, George \V. Morton ; Measurer, 

 Peter B.Turner; Regatta Committee, the Commodore, James T. 

 Pennimun, E. B. Souther, George W. Morton and B. F. Bass. A 

 number of new boats have been added to the fleet, a cat owned 

 by Wm. Amory, one by Mr. Cunningham, both built by Maybury. 

 Mr. H. H. Faxon is having a eat built by Abraham Lelois and Mr. 

 Chiis. F. Adams, Jr., has bought tho Waif from Messrs. King and 

 Clark. The minimum limit for a yacht's length is to be loft., and 

 all yachts of 30ft. and above iu length constitute a special class; 

 and all yachts are allowed to carry gaff topsails in races. 



DoitCHESTMR Yacht Club.— Oflicers for the year .- Commodore, 

 F. E. Peaboiy; Vice-Commodore, S. G. King; Secretary, L. M. 

 Clark; Treasurer, A. J. Clark; Fleet Captain, G.S.Rice; Meas- 

 urer, H. Davenport ; Trustees, C. E. Folsom, VV. H. L. Smith, C. 

 H. Nute; Regatta Committee, C. Barnard, C. H. Whiting, B.F. 

 Bolles. The club now has eighty-five members, and the follow- 

 ing craft have been added to the fleet: Undine, center-board 

 sloop, Benjamin Dean ; Baby, center-board oat, H. K. Norman 

 Bob White, keel sloop, A. A. Nickerson ; Nallie, center-board cat, 

 W. H. Nicholson; C. J. Wells, steamer, Thomas Manning; Adrt- 

 enne, keel schooner, C. Pfaff; Siren, center-board sloop, H. S. 

 Keith; Yikmg, keel sloop, S. P. Freeman ; Fanny, center-board 

 sloop, Henry Bryant; Sappho, steamer, George II. Brooks; 

 Shadow, center-board cat, F. Bacheller ; Ec7m, keel sloop, Keith 

 and Beuyon; Imperia, ceuter-board sloop, C. A. Parker; Nimbus, 

 center-board sloop. King and Clark ; Fiona, center-board sloop, 

 William Q ray ; Bristol, center-board cat, J. Sever ; Elf, center- 

 board cat, W. P. Barker : Dream, center-board cat, A. W. Dewey. 



Newport Yacht Club.— The club-house will be renovated— 

 something much needed— and the usual programme of races iB 

 promised. 



Buffalo Yacht Club.— Editor Forest and Stream .-- This olub 

 has been incorporated. Certificates of stock have been issued for 

 the construction of a club-house, and a fair sum has already tieeii 

 secured. Plans are now in the hands of an arehiteet. The'house 

 is to be built on spiles, just Inside the stone breukwater. The 

 membership is Increasing rapidly, eight new applications having 

 been made. Three new yachts, two sloops and one schooner, are 



now building for the club. 



C. 



Sooth Camden Yacht Cu:B.-Ollieers for the year: Commo- 

 dore, Wm. Harper; Vice-Commodore, Joseph Wroth; Rear Com- 

 modore, John R. ConkUn ; Secretary, Win. Davis; Treasurer 

 Jacob Gnang. 



" Atlantic Coast Pilot."— The second edition of this valuable 

 work has been issued from the United States Coast and Geodetic 

 Survey, Carlisle P. Patterson, TJ, S. N., SupL-rintcndenl, .Tho coast 

 line included in the charts and sailing directions stretches from 

 Eastport, Me., to Boston. Fog signals, tides, currents, variations, 

 life-saving stations, etc., make the volume a necessary part of a 

 yacht's library, especially for those cruising East. The price is 

 so low, 83.60, that it is a wonder how anything so complete and 

 finished can be offered at those figures. To be had of all dealers 

 in nautical instruments. 



The Tot'Oi'iiosE.- The topophone is a new instrument, de- 

 signed to be used on shipboard, by which the exact direction of 

 sounds emitted by log horns or fog bells may be promptly deter- 

 mined. It was found, in actual experiments made for the Light- 

 house Board, that the pointer of the instrument could bo easily 

 brought to within ten degrees, or less than oue pobit of- the true 

 direction of the sound, which Is sufficiently accurate in the prac- 

 tical use of the apparatus, 



Good for the Lioto Drafts.— The construction of a canal 

 across the narrow neck of land separating the waters of Nan- 

 tucket Sound from Massachusetts Bay, which has Just been con} 



