FOREST AND STREAM 
005 
blood through the body, as in an animal entirely 
frozen, * * * * 
“ The time during which an animal body may be 
capable of ream i mat ion depends altogether on one circum¬ 
stance, viz., whether the blood, the muscular fluid, and 
the nervous fluid remain in a condition which I have de¬ 
fined in another essay as the aqueous conditiou, or whether 
these fluids have become pectous. If the fluids remain 
in the aqueous state the period during which life may be 
restored is left undefined. It may be a very long period, 
including weeks, and possibly months, granting that de¬ 
composition of the tissues is is not established, and even 
after a limited process of decomposition there may he re¬ 
newal of life in cold-blooded animals, but if pectous 
change begins in any one of the stmctures I have named, 
it extends Like a crystalization quickly through all the 
structures, and therefore recovery is highly improbable, 
for the change in one of the parts is sufficient to prevent 
the restoration of all. * * * * * 
“ The problem physiologically before us is as follows: 
Can the second or passive-efficient stage of life be by any 
artificial methods secured, so that all the vital parts may 
be held in suspended animation, working at the lowest 
possible expenditure of vital power? 
“ Experimental research and experience alike show the 
certain possibility of temporarily producing this state. 
Both show there are agents and agencies by which life 
may he reduced to the low ebb necessary for the suspen¬ 
sion of active life, and at the same time the aqueous con¬ 
ditions of the colloidal fluids may be maintained. Cold is 
the first and the most effi cient of these agencies. The blood 
and the colloidal animal fluids derived from it are all held 
in the aqueous condition of colloidal matter by exposure 
to cold at freezing point. At this same point all vital 
actions, excepting, perhaps, the motion of the heart, may 
he temporarily arrested in an animat, and then some ani¬ 
mals may continue apparently dead for long intervals of 
time, and may yet return to life under conditions favor¬ 
able to recovery. 
“ In one of my lectures on death from cold which I de¬ 
livered in the winter session of 1867, some fish, which dur¬ 
ing a hard frost had been frozen in a tank at New Castle- 
on-Tyne, were sent up to me by rail. They were pro¬ 
duced in the completely frozen state at the lecture, and 
by careful thawing many of them were restored to per¬ 
fect life. At my Croonian lecture on muscular irritability 
after systematic death a similar fact was illustrated from 
frogs. 
“ There seems in cold-blooded animals so circumstanced 
to be no recognized limit of time after which they may 
not recover, but there is much skill required in promoting 
the recovery. If in thawing them the utmost care be not 
taken to thaw gradually and at a temperature always be¬ 
low the natural living temperature of the animal tho 
fluids of the animal will pass from the frozen state through 
the aqueous into pectous so rapidly that death from the 
pectous change will be produced without perceiving any 
intermediate or life-stage at a..l. In warm-blooded ani¬ 
mals it is extremely difficult to restore animation after 
suspension of life by cold, owing to the fact that in their 
more complexed and differently-shielded organs it is next 
to impossible to thaw equally and simultaneously all the 
colloidal fluids. In very young animals it can bo done. 
Young kittens a day or two old that have been drowned 
in ice-cold water will recover after two hours’ immersion 
almost to a certainity if brought into a dry air at a tem¬ 
perature of 98°F. The gentlest motion of the body will 
be sufficient to restore respiration, and therewith the life. 
* * * It is hard to say whether an animal, like a fish, 
frozen equally through all its structures, is actually dead, 
in the strict sense of the word, seeing that if it be uni¬ 
formly and Equally thawed it may recover from a perfect 
glacial state. In like manner it may be doubted whether 
a healthy, warm-blooded animal suddenly and equally 
frozen through all its parts is dead, although it is not re¬ 
coverable, because in the very act of trying to restore it 
some inequality in the direction is almost sure to deter¬ 
mine a fatal issue, owing to the transition of some vital 
centre into the pectous state of colloidal matter. 1 do 
not, consequently, see that cold can be of itself and alone 
utilized for maintaining suspended animation in the 
larger warm-blooded animals of full growth.” 
Dr. Richardson, after mentioning other agencies besides 
cold for suspending animation, such as mandragora or 
belladonna, nitrate of amyl, choral hydrate, cyanogen 
gas and hydrocyanic acid, alcohol and oxygen, and citing 
interesting illustrations of each, remarks : — 
“ It is worthy of note that cold, together with the agents 
named, is antiseptic, as though whatever suspended living 
action, suspended also by some necessity or correlative 
influence the process of putrefactive change. Hence, the 
inference I drew in my leoture at the Society of Arts that 
it was within the range of experiment to preserve the 
structures of dead animals in a form of suspended mole¬ 
cular life.” 
He concludes with the confident expectation of great 
events from results already secured, for which “the world 
(he says) should be prepared, without anxiety or amaze¬ 
ment/' VlRQINIENSlS. 
July 16th. 
The report of the Australian discovery proved to be a 
sensational canard. The wit of the Australian news¬ 
paper man is greater than the genius of the Australian 
scientist. _ 
Deer and Moonlight.— Minturn, Ark., Aug. 33d.— 
Mr. Editor .-—I have been for over forty years what is 
called a still hunter of deer in this part of this State. Deer 
are still plentiful here, and have been all the time ; and 
as 1 have heard from old hunters that deer would get up 
with the moon and feed and then lie down when the 
moon went down, I have taken some pains to notice 
then’ habits. I am satisfied they feed most wheu the moon 
is up, but as I have frequently found them feeding when 
it was not, I attribute it all to their not being able on 
waking to feed of a dark night; and as nature would re¬ 
quire, they would feed more in the day, and when the 
moon is not up in the day time it is up during the night 
and gives them the better chance to feed. I have always 
found that deer were more easily found feeding after a 
very cloudy night when the moon was up all night than if 
it had been shining. I do not think they are influenced 
by the moon, except so far as it enables them to feed by 
night; and this causes them to feed much more in the 
day when the nights are dark, J. A. Lindsay, 
BABY BEAR TRAITS. 
Editor Forest and Stream :— 
Whilst engaged, a few days since, with the Society’s 
Dissector, Mr. Chas. Davy, iii examining a spleen of a de¬ 
funct monkey, which was filled with tubercles, he wished 
to know my experience with black bears, remarking that 
one of his correspondents in Florida had written up to 
know if they “didn't lay eggs.” As Charley is found of 
a joke, I made no reply, continued my examination of the 
tuberculous spleen, and waited for the eggs to hatch. 
The period of incubation was short, as he immediately 
began sorting over a pile of correspondence lying on his 
table, and quickly passed me a letter, duly stamped, etc., 
making the above enquiry. Perhaps hears in Florida do 
lay eggs, and to the best of my knowledge it is a popular 
Cracker belief; still they act so differently in confinement 
I think I am justified in publishing the actual facts, as 
they occurred under my own eyes. 
About the middle of January last, the female black bear 
in the Society’s collection refused to come out of her den 
into the open pit and would not allow the malo to a pproach 
her. She was immediately closed in and furnished with 
an abundance of hay, with which she busied herself in 
making a nice warm bed. At 4 P. m. on Jan. 26th. the 
young ones were horn and I didnot see them until the third 
day after, when I was surprised by the keeper informing 
me that she would allow him to enter the den. On going 
with him, he unlocked the door, fearlessly walked in, and 
quickly began feeding her with bits of bread, which he 
sliced from a loaf held in his hand. By holding the bread 
just over her head, ho finally tempted her to sit up on her 
haunches, when I obtained a clear view of the two young 
ones, lying asleep just back of her front paws. From 
where I stood, about six feet distant, they did not seem 
to exceed six inches in length, were a dirty whitish color, 
and appeared entirely bare of hair. In about ten days 
their coats began to show and were of a greyish tint, which 
gradually passed through the various shades until they 
became a brownish black. It wasjustforty days before the 
first one’s eyes opened and two days after the second fol 
lowed suit. From that time forward I watched very 
closely to ascertain the exact time that would elapse be¬ 
fore the young ones would leave the nest, and on the 
seventy-first day after birth, when the mother, as was her 
habit, came to the grating to be fed, one of the youngsters 
left the nest and followed her. So, soon as she found it 
out, she immediately drew it gently back, and on its 
second attempt, she cuffed it soundly, which put a stop 
to its wandering propensity. After a few days she allowed 
them to wander about at will provided no one was im¬ 
mediately in front of the den; but so soon as a visitor 
put in an appearance, they were driven back into the nest 
and not allowed to emerge until the strangers were out of 
sight. For sometime she always suckled them in one 
position, lying over and completely covering them by 
stretching flat on her belly with her legs drawn up under 
her and her head tucked down between her front paws. 
As they grew older and began to run about she would sit 
on her haunches, lazily lean back against the wall, take 
a cub on each fore arm and hold them up to her breast 
until they were satisfied. They soon became expert 
climbers, taking advantage of the slightest inequalities of 
the stone walls and tho cracks between the heavy oaken 
planks to reach the ceiling of the den on three sides, 
whilst the grating in front served capitally for their sky¬ 
larking. Occasionally they would have a regular sparring 
bout, standing erect, feinting, countering and making use 
of many of the tricks of old votaries of the P. R. These 
frolics wouldgenerally end in a clinch, fall and a regular 
rough and tumble fight, when the mother would abrupt¬ 
ly put a stop to it, by suddenly knocking both of the con¬ 
testants completely out of time. In fact, as they grew 
apace, the parental visitations increased so rapidly I 
began to fear she would put an end to my bear investiga¬ 
tions by ohastising the lives out of them, but of late she 
has slackened in her attentions and I am in hopes of fol¬ 
lowing the growth of ursus amerieanus from baby-hood 
to adolescence. Frank J. Thompson. 
Zoological Garden, Cincinnati. 
Southern Birds Down East— St. Stephen, Aug. 36th. 
—Editor Forest and Stream We have had a visit from 
some of your southern birds within a few days. Seven 
black skimmers (Rhynhehopa nigra —Linnmus) have 
been shot in this neighborhood, and last week I had a 
blackvulture ( Oathurtes atratus —Bartram) sent me, shot 
at Campobello, near Eastport, Me. 
__ Geo. A. Boardman. 
A White Bluebird — New Haven, Conn,, Aug. 26th ,— 
This morning I killed a white bluebird in this city. The 
tail feathers and primaries show a slight pearly tint, the 
rest being pure white. The bird is a male, of this year. 
Iris normal. _ R. H. Morris. 
That Gazetteer.—T he undersigned is the only person 
(?) who dares express his sentiments boldly 
FishkUl Landing, Aug. 21st —Mr. Editor If you wlU be so kind 
as to afford me a small space in your valuable paper I should like 
to speak a few words in regard to that most excellent work, the 
“Sportsman's Gazetteer." This book has been highly spoken of 
and largely recommended by hundreds of eminent sportsmen 
since its introduction, and perhaps all I oan say In praise of it will 
be only a repetition of what has already been said; however, I can 
present myself as one who has gained much knowledge and passed 
many pleasant hours in the perusal of its pages. It Is a sports¬ 
man's library complete in one volume, and I consider that part 
of the work treating on the Dog worth the price of the hook. 
Nearly oil the questions put to the editor of your paper weekly, 
such as the proper charge for guns of various weights and gauge; 
remedies for dogs that arc disordered, &c., are annexed in this 
book. I can not give the index of the “ Gazetteer", but beside its 
instructions in shooting, fishing, woodcraft, habits of game ani¬ 
mals, birds. Ashes, Ac., it has a thousand useful hints and recipes 
that it would he well for every sportsman to he familiar with. 
This hook contain more useful knowledge .than seven other 
sporting works which I have. G. F. Auden. 
—Mr. Frank N. Beeba of Columbus, O,, has left his 
fine collection of coins in the care of the Fine Art 
and Natural History Society of Cincinnati, to he placed on 
exhibition at the Exposition. Mr. Beebe is now in North¬ 
ern Michigan, to remain until some time in October, 
DOGS AND THE CUSTOM-HOUSE. 
We are constantly hearing of dogs being seized by the 
Custom-House authorities on account of the law regard¬ 
ing the importation of live animals not being complied 
with. Only a few days ago there wero seized from the 
steamer Strathmore, from Liverpool or London, two 
brindled bull bitches, two fox terrier puppies and one fox 
terrier dog. For the benefit of those who may ho intend¬ 
ing to import dogs we copy from Hyles’ Digest of United 
States Statutes the law on the subject:— 
Sec. 614.—On live animals twenty per cent, ad val¬ 
orem. 
1473.—Animals brought into the United States tempor¬ 
arily and for a period not exceeding six months for tho 
purpose of exhibition or competition for prizes offered by 
any agricultural or racing association. But a bond shall 
be first given in accordance with the regulations to be 
prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, with the con¬ 
dition that the full duty to which such annuals would 
otherwise he liable shall be paid in case of their sale in the 
United States, or if not re-exported within six months. 
1473.— Ani mals alive, specially imported for breeding 
purposes from beyond the seas, shall be admitted free 
upon proof thereof satisfactory to tl\e Secretary of the 
Treasury, and under such regulations as he may pre¬ 
scribe. 
But there is ono veiy important point to be noted in 
connection with the last clause. The regulation pre¬ 
scribed by the Secretary of the Treasury in this respect 
is, that all animals imported for breeding purposes, in 
order to be admitted free of duty shall be provided with 
a certificate from the United States Consul at the port 
of shipment, in which the shipper makes oath that it is 
intended for such purpose. Without this certificate the 
clause is of no avail. 
On the occasion of the first dog show in this city some 
fifteen or more dogs were sent from England for exhibition. 
They were not permitted to land however until a bond in 
what was supposed to he their full value was given, to the 
effect that they should he re-shipped or the duties paid on 
them, and as a number were sold here duty was paid. 
But it was at first contended that the Kennel Club did 
not come under the head of an agricultural or racing as¬ 
sociation, and it was not until after considerable corres¬ 
pondence had passed between this city and the Treasury 
Department that the bond was accepted and the dogs 
landed. 
We are in favor of free trade as far as dogs, or indeed ani¬ 
mals generally, are concerned, as an encouragement to 
breeders, and yet hope to see it. A few dealers might be 
benefited slightly by the remission of duties, but we fancy 
that of all the pet and toy dogs brought into the country and 
sold, but very few have brought much into the general 
treasury. 
Loss of Lou.—The Gordon setter hitch, Lou, belong¬ 
ing to Mr. Wm. M. Tileston, of this paper, either strayed 
or was stolen from the Prospect House, Bayshore, Long , 
Island, on Wednesday of last week. The natural suppo¬ 
sition is that she was stolen, as Lou is not only remarka¬ 
bly intelligent, but has recently had a litter of puppies and 
has been with Me. Tileston and his family for two sum¬ 
mers at Bayshore, and would probably have returned 
home if not tied. Lou is black and tan without any 
white ; rather poor in flesh just now ; coat in good con¬ 
dition and much of it new; her tail has been docked. 
We shall feel obliged if our Long Island readers will he 
on the look-out for her, and any information sent to Mr. 
Tileston at this office, will he thankfully received. 
A Hint for Sportsmen’s Wives.—I f your husband ha 
a dog, and the dog has a bark-at-night, you may fix him 
(him is collective here ; it includes the husband, the dog, 
and the bark) by putting him aboard a mud scow, and 
then taking him off again, thereby disembarking him. 
This is better than surreptitiously feeding him on patent 
medicines, Another good way, provided you wish to 
make your husband a pleasant surprise present of dog¬ 
skin mittens next Christmas, is to drown the hound in his 
own bay and use his bark to tan the hide with. 
Personal, —Mr. Justus Von Lengerke, the well-known 
sportsman and breeder of,finedogs, has joined the Dittmar 
Powder Co. as salesman, travelling and soliciting agent. 
Mr. Von Lengerke’s,great popularity and wide acquaint¬ 
ance and experience should make him a very valuable 
man to the Powder Co. We wish him every success. 
—The question of how much a dog may be worth must 
be considered not only from the standpoint of tho owner, 
but from that of other parties who may in one way or an¬ 
other derive direct gain from the animal. For instance, 
n London, the other day, the dbg of a beer-house-kceper 
earned £100 for an omnibus driver by biting the latter 
ffiile on the back steps of his omnibus. 
Hamilton, Ont.— Aug. 23 th — Editor Forest and Stream : 
—As an ardeut lover of all dogs used in field snorts, I had 
much pleasure perusing the letter on spaniels from your 
esteemed correspondent, Ringwood, in your issue of the 
21 st insl. I am not surprised that so many sportsmen 
complain that their pointers and setters are wild and un¬ 
ruly when shooting over them in open grounds, after 
