846 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
r£trJ( ffulttin. 
Carp as an Addition to our Supply op Fish Food.— 
At Blackford's, iu Fulton. Market, may now be seen a 
tank containing several hundred German carp of two to 
five inches in length, which growth has been attained in 
the short space of five months. They were hatched at 
Washington, D. 0., where hatching facilities were pro¬ 
vided two years since, and a very interesting description 
thereof was furnished to this journal at the time by our 
stated Washington correspondent. It is said that carp 
of tins variety will attain a weight of seven pounds in 
three years : and as they are also prolific and very tooth¬ 
some, it is certain that a very desirable addition has bsen 
made to our list of food fishes as well as a profitable one 
to fish-growers. In Germany the carp is esteemed as 
highly as the trout and sells for the same price in the 
market. The first successful introduction of these fish 
into the United States took place about five years ago. 
The experiment of breeding and raising them in the pond 
where they were then placed has been perfectly success¬ 
ful, the fecundity and rapid growth of the fish having 
been quite remarkable. Specimens hatched this year 
have already attained a length ol' seven inches. The carp 
lives on vegetable food, and thrives best in warm water; 
facts which make it peculiarly suitable for the South, 
and its qualities as a food fish will give it a high value in 
that section, where as many will be distributed as can be 
furnished. Some 15,000 in all are now ready to be planted 
in various waters of Kentucky, Missouri and other States. 
Those assigned to Long Island go to the farm of S. L. 
M. Barlow, at Glen Cove ; to Mr. A. W. Benson, of Mon- 
tauk Point; to Mr. W. R. T. Jones, of South Oyster Bay, 
and to Mr. H. D. McGovern, of Bushwick. 
The carp in Mr. Blackford's tank very much resemble 
the silvery dace, which are sometimes found in company 
with trout in our New England streams, but are readily 
identified by the two barbels pendant under the throat 
like those of a codfish. As the carp mature these barbels 
attain a considerable size and become a distinctive char¬ 
acteristic. Carp belong to the family of cyprinoids, of 
which goldfish and suckers are varieties. A certain vari¬ 
ety of carp are very common now in Virginia, where 
they were introduced in 1832 by the captain of a Havre 
packet, 
The Farmer's Fish. —This is what Prof. Spencer F. 
Baird teams the carp, which he predicts will within ten 
years take a very important place among the food supplies 
of the country. Writing to Senator Beck, of Kentucky, 
relative to carp culture in that State the commissioner 
Bays, 
••Its special merit lies in the fact of its sluggishness, 
and the ease with which it Is kept in very limited enclos¬ 
ures, its being a vegetable feeder, and its general inoffen¬ 
siveness. 
Its rate of growth, too, is something marvelous ; and. 
as observed so far in the specimens introduced into the 
United States, being even more remarkable here than in 
Europe. Among the original fish imported by us from 
Europe, and which are now only about tliree-and-a-half 
years old, are pome from twenty-five to thirty inches 
in length, weighing from four to eight or nine 
pounds. ****** The carp will thrive best iu 
artifical or natural ponds with muddy bottoms and abound¬ 
ing in vegetation. In large ponds it may not be neces¬ 
sary to add any special food ; but in restricted inclosures, 
sis, for instance, in those of a fraction of an acre they 
may be fed with the refuse of the kiteken gar¬ 
den’, leaves of cabbage, lettuce, leek, etc., ho min y or 
other substances. Grain of any kind is generally better 
boiled before being fed to the fish ; but this is probably 
not absolutely necessary.” 
We shall see the time when the fish pond will be as 
common a feature of the farm as the pig sty is now. 
In-Bred Trout.— Setli Green tells us that he thinks the 
cause of the brook trout inmost of our streams not grow¬ 
ing larger and faster is. that they are in-bred for so many 
years, and he has accordingly bought one hundred and 
ten thousand trout spawn of It. Burgess & Sons, of Ben¬ 
nington, Vermont. He hopes to raise a good many of 
them and cross them with our trout, and put the balance 
of them in Caledonia Creek. 
Work of the United States Fishery Commission.— 
The labors of the Fish Commission during the last two 
ytjjrs have added two valuable food fishes to the list of 
salt ftvnter varieties usually found in the markets of the 
Atlantic cities. These are the pole flounder and the tile 
fish. The former has been found in great quantities and 
over a wide range. It is destined to become an impor¬ 
tant source of food supply, both on account of its abund¬ 
ance and its fine qualities as an article of food. The tile 
resembles the cod in some particulars. It is said to 
bo abundant, and is likely to become extensively used as 
an article of food. Captain Kirby, ft? discoverer, prefers 
it to the codfish. 
professor Baird is very sanguine that the (JiUjfOrnia 
salmon will thri ve jn Southern rivers, where the temper¬ 
ature of the water At fbe spawning season does not usu¬ 
ally rise so high as in the (Sacramento River, where the 
salmon live and flourish. 
Professor Baird says that during Lb,? past season the 
a thimbJe-eyed” mackerel reappeared in great numbers 
at Provinoetown and other points on the Atlantic coast 
after an obsence of forty years. This is also a valuable 
flood fish. Experiments in natelung connsh have proved 
very successful. The Fish CpmwtehPh hoppg pot only to 
restock the waters of the New England coast, but to ex¬ 
tend the locality within which tliis valuable fish ranges 
much farther south. It is known that long ago the cod 
flourished in great numbers several hundred miles south 
of where it is now found. 
Preliminary studies have been made with a view to 
actual experiments in breeding halibut, with which 
fish it is also hoped to stock the waters off the coast of 
of the United States. Indeed, Professor Baird says that he 
looks upon all the work of stocking the lakes, ponds, and 
rivers of the country with fresh water fish, as only pre¬ 
liminary to that of stocking the sea with desirable salt 
water varieties. 
Artificial Fish Hatching in Germany.— An interes- 
ing report was produced at a recent meeting of the Ger¬ 
man Fishing Society, by which it appears that the total 
number of fish ova hatched at the expense of the German 
Fishery Club during the season of 1878-79, amounts to 
about six miUions-and-a-half. From this number above five 
millions of young fish-fry, namely, salmon, Californian 
salmon (117,540 out of 162,266 ova), American trout, sal¬ 
mon, trout graylings, and several coregoni species, such as 
murinas, blue-cap fish, etc., have been successfully pro¬ 
duced. These five millions of young fish have been dis¬ 
tributed among the various rivers and lakes of Germany, 
the Danube, aud Lake Constance, the latter receiving 
above two milli ons of fish-fry. In addition to this num¬ 
ber, several millions of ova have been hatched in the 
various artifical hatching establishments in Southern 
Germany, Switzerland, and Austria —not connected with 
the German Fishery Club. Nearly one million of young 
salmon have been provided by the Swiss Government and 
deposited into the River Rhine and its affluents. — Land 
and Water. 
New Hampshire. — Fish Commissioner. Samuel "Webber, 
and his colleagues, have stocked the following waters dur¬ 
ing the past summer with land-looked salmon. Under 
Hie provisions of the law, none of these fish can be caught 
before June, 1884 : Sunapee Lake, 10,000 ; Connecticut 
lakes, 10,000 ; Squam Lake, 10,000 ; Winnipesaukee Lake, 
5,000; Massubesic Lake, 5,000; Newfound Lake, 5,000 ; 
Mascoma Lake, 5,000 ; Newidrewamcoe Lake, Wakefield, 
5,000 ; Merrymeeting Pond, New Durham, 5,000 ; Nutt's 
Pond, Manchester, 5.000; Long Pond, Bradford, 5,000; 
Tarleton ponds. Piermont, 5,000 ; Jones’ Pond, Raymond, 
5,000 : Dunking’ Pond, Ossipee, 5,000; Sandwich ponds, 
5,000 ; Echo Lake, Franconia, 2,500 ; Rocky Pond, Hollis. 
2,500; Chestnut Pond, Northfield, 2,000; Star Pond, 
Springfield, 1,000 ; Monadnock Lake, Dublin, 1,250 ; Stone 
Pond, Marlboroug, 1,250 ; Breed Pond, Nelson, 1,250 ; 
South Pond, Fitzwiliiam, 1,250 ; Long Pond, Hancock, 
750 : Jack Pond, Hancock, 750 ; Norway Pond, Hancock, 
750 ; Hunt’s, Hancock, 750 ; Juggernaut Pond, Hancock, 
750 ; Half-moon Pond, Hancock, 750 ; Willard Pond, 
Antrim, 750. 
A letter from Commissioner Powers announces the 
capture of the twentieth salmon at the hatchery at 
Plymouth, making in all eleven females and nine males 
safely placed in the storage ponds at that place, and from 
the first spawners of which lot Mr. Powers has already 
secured over 30,000 eggs. This is believed to be the first 
large lot of eggs on record taken from artificially planted 
fish, which have returned to the waters in which they 
were placed, to spawn, and is a good item to place to the 
credit of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, by whose 
joint action the hatching-house at Plymouth has been 
established and carried on. Mr. Powers has also taken 
over 100,000 trout eggs from the stock of breeders which 
we have collected at the hatching-house, and the trout 
have not finished spawning yet. 
Hatching Spawn ofFish.— The Chinese have amethod 
of hatching the spawn of fish, and thus protecting it from 
those accidents which ordinarily occur to so large portion 
of it. The fishermen collect with care, on the margin and 
surface of the waters, all those gelatinous masses which 
contain the spawn of fish. After they have a sufficient 
quantity, they fill with it the shell of a fresh hen’s egg, 
which they have previously emptied, stop up the holes, 
and put it under a sitting fowl. At the expiration of a 
certain number of days, they break tbe shell in water 
warmed by the sun. The young fry are presently hatched, 
and are kept in pure freshwater till they are large enough 
to be tin-own into a pond with the old fish. The sale of 
spawn for this purpose forms an important branch of 
trade in China .—Literary Gems. 
Some of the Uses to which Fish are Applied— 
Fish made into Bread and Biscuit.— At the city of 
Escier they diy their fish in the sun, and, by its extreme 
heat, reduce them to powder, like meal, and knead them 
into loaves, or mix them into aliquid form like frumenty; 
and in consequence of the scarcity of grain, the natives 
make a kind of biscuit of the substance of the larger fish 
(suppose tunny), in the following maimer: Fust, they 
chop it up into very small particles, and moisten the 
preparation with a liquor rendered thick and adhesive by 
a mixture of flour, which gives to the whole the consist¬ 
ence of paste. This they form into a kind of bread, which 
(hey dry in the sun ; a stock of these biscuits is laid up to 
serve the year’s consumption. Besides feeding on it them¬ 
selves, they accustom their cattle, cows, camels, and, 
horses to feed on dried fish. — M, Polo's Travels, by 
Marsden.. 
—In China, in the month of May, a great number of 
sliips are employed by the country people in the sale of 
fish spawn, which they sell to merchants by measure, and 
send it into the country to stock ponds, etc. 
—An official report Btates the number of fish ova 
hatched at the imperial fish-hatching establishment at 
Hiiningen between Jan. 1st, 1878, and March 3ist, 1879, at 
8,577,000. Of these some 5,500,000 have been distributed 
in Germany, England, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, 
Austria, Switzerland, Spain, and Italy. 
—During tlie month of Qptobjer oyer forty-one tons of 
fish were seized at Billingsgate and destroyed, a 8 unfit for 
human food. Among these were 422 cod, 12,9135 had¬ 
docks, 475 herrings, 404 lobsters, 230 mackerel, 658 mul¬ 
lets, 102 plaice, 42,440 smelts, 193 soles, 120 thornbacks, 
123 turbot, 7, J80 whiting, 131 trout and 7 salmon. 
m mid J? iier L ^idling. 
FISH IN SEASON IN DECEMBER. 
ERRStt 'WATER. 
Blnt'k Bass, Micropterwi salmo- I Pike or Pickerel, Ernrx luelwi. 
ides; M. nigricam. Yellow Porch, Pcrcajlnvv.ccn* 
Sea Buss, Sciuyitujjs occllalus. | White Perch,3/ oj-one americana. 
FISHING IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
I SUPPOSE that all your readers know that Newfound¬ 
land is a foggy place ; still there is a good deal of fine 
■weather, barring fogs, during the summer and early au¬ 
tumn, and the fogs do not prevail so much over the land 
as over the sea. Salmon were selling at St. John’s when 
we were there, about the middle ot June, at from three¬ 
pence to fourpence per pound, caught outside in the sea 
in nets. When one considers how the rivers are poached, 
it is a wonder that so many salmon are left. There is a 
fine sheet of water (Kitty-Vitty) close to the town, with 
a small stream running out of it for a short distance into 
the sea. There is a fall between the lakes and the sea of 
about, I should say, twenty feet, up which a salmon lad¬ 
der might be made, and a line salmon preserved formed. 
An iceberg was aground at the mouth of tbe harbor, and 
a great deal of ice in The offing, and much reported to the 
northward. Sailing about in fogs, and at night among 
icebergs, is not very pleasant amusement—but when duty 
calls, etc. We made the land of the northeast part of 
Newfoundland about June 20th, in the neighborhood of 
Hare Bay ; much ice about, tbe snownot melted off the 
land, which, bare, treeless and rocky, looked wintry and 
cheerless. We got into Croe Harbor in the afternoon — a 
snug little harbor, with some wood on hills surrounding 
(small firs) ; a small river runs into the harbor to the 
south ; and a small brook at the head of the harbor. The y 
both come from shallow, stony-bottomed lakelets a short 
way up. I took my rod to fish and explore, but soon saw 
that there was nothing to be got hut sprats. I saw the 
track of one eariboo quite recent, and a couple of snipe. 
From Croe round to Castor, now on tbe west coast, are 
nothing but insignificant streams, in which salmon would 
not lay, but run up in freshets to small lakes up the coun¬ 
try, where they are not prevented by weirs or nets which 
bar the way. Scanty as is the population, tbe salmon 
fishing has vastly fallen off on account of these practices. 
A snip-of- war visiting the coast in a flying manner once or 
twice in the season cannot prevent them. I did not see 
the Castor River myself, hut one of our officers went 
there, aud said it was a shallow, rapid stream, not a 
likely-looking place for rod-fishing, yet it used to he a 
good' place for net-fishing many yearn ago. The fishing 
has now fallen off so much that a man who fished it said- 
that it was scarcely worth the trouble. In Hawke Bay, a 
fine sheet of water entirely landlocked, and in which we 
saw many seals! are two small streams, one called the 
N. E. River, the other the Torrent ; we tried the N. E. 
stream, anil caught many small sea-trout close to the 
mouth, and saw several salmon rise, jumping clean out of 
the water, but they would not look at our flies. I walked 
up about half a mile, and found a beautiful pool just be¬ 
low a slight fall. Several salmon jumped clean out of the 
water, but would not look at any flies. I caught, how¬ 
ever, almost immediately tMro fine sea-trout, about two 
pounds each, which fought very hard, after which noth¬ 
ing would take. I waded some way higher up, but see¬ 
ing nothing in the shape of a pool or water in which fish 
would lay — the streambeing very shallow, rapid and clear, 
the woods dense, and close down to the water, and the 
flies insupportable — I gave up. Tlie ponds near Hawke 
Bay were fished by a Frenchman with an ingenious weir, 
which caught all fish trying to get up, and prevented any 
which might be above it from visiting tlie sea. There 
are no means of try ing any of the streams between Hawke 
Bay and Bonne Bay, as they run into the Bea on an open 
coast, off which we could not well anchor, the game not 
being worth the candle. Bonne Bay is a very picturesque 
place, resembling a Norwegian fiord, running up some 
six or eight miles into the country. High hills, pretty 
well clothed with birch and other deciduous trees, rise 
immediately from the water, which is very deep. There 
is quite a thriving settlement here, about six miles up. 
The south arm ends in a beautiful basin, with excellent 
anchorages, although deep — about thirty fathoms. Heavy 
squalls, however, rush down from the hills in blowing 
weather whisking the water up many yards high. A smal i 
stream runs into this basin, and being quite overarched 
with trees, we did not try it on account of the weather. The 
Humber River is situated up a deep and picturesque 
fiord, on which i8 a thriving settlement. It is a very 
large and rapid river, and goes a long way up the coun¬ 
try ; an immense quantity of salmon must go up it. A 
considerable lumber trade is carried on up the river, 
which does no good to the fishing. Some of us tried the 
St. George’s River, in St. George's Bay, but it is, I be¬ 
lieve, not worth the trouble. 
At La Poile, on the south coast, we g<5t tbe best sport — 
some fine sea-trout and grilse. A small steamer runs 
along the south coast from St. John’s once a fortnight, I 
think, so that fisherman could be dropped and taken up 
quite conveniently at the different places ; but they should 
take tents and a servant or two with them, for a man can 
not well keep camp, do cooking, etc., and do shooting or 
fishing beside. ' At Teross Harbor, in the Bay of Despair, 
there are some small sheets of water communicating with 
the sea by a brook, and one of our oflioers got good sport 
there with sea-trout — principally, however, in the sea 
near the brook. There are some fine arms of tbe sea or 
fiords to the Bay of Despair, with very deep water in 
them ; eod are caught in tliepi. At the head of tlie north 
arm is a telegraph station and a few Indians—a river 
runs into it. I went about one and a half miles up it, 
but caught nothing. The stream was strong, and no 
pools where fish were likely to lay; the wood was dense 
and close down to the water, which was often too deep 
and rapid to wade, so that locomotion was difficult and 
tlie flies insupportable. A rough-haired dog had followed 
me from tlie telegraph station, and the poor thing was so 
tormented by the flies that he rolled on the ground and 
ran about like a mad thing; and yet, strange to say, al¬ 
though the clearing round the station was small, the flies 
vanished on entering it. I noticed the same at St. John’s. 
The flies do not give trouble in tlie clearings, yet in Lab¬ 
rador I bare seen them troublesome in a harbor very 
